CH. 14 Psychological Disorders

psychological disorders

• depend on social and situational factors

what are the 4 factors psychological factors depend on?

• danger

• deviance

• disfunciton

• distress

what causes psychological disorders?

the biopsychosocial model

the biopsychosocial model

• many factors and events contribute to a psychological disorder

  • social, psychological, biology

• interactions determine risks

  • biological makeup

  • psychological experiences

  • social environment

stigma

negative perceptions of psychological disorders and individuals diagnosed with them

Diagnosing Psychoholical Disorders

DSM-V —> Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

DSM-5

uses a lifespan development organization scheme to classify rheumatoid arthritis psychological disorders into 19 major areas

comorbidity

when an individual has 2 or more disorders at the same time

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

• neurodevelopment disorder

• wide range of impairments

• different phenotypes

  • one children receiving the diagnosis may only have difficulty with social interactions

  • another child may not be able to use language skills and engage in self-injuries behavior

general neurodevelopment disorders

• first seen during infancy and childhood

• impairments in:

  • academics

  • social relationships

  • emotions

  • behaviors

schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders

lose touch with reality, depictions of loss of reality

positive symptoms

• delusions

• hallucinations

• disorganized thinking

• abnormal motor behvairos

negative symptoms

• diminished emotional emotional expression

• abolition

• alogia

Schizophrenia

• interferes with daily activities

• diminished sustained attention

• confusion and poor decision making

Bipolar disorder consists of:

1. Manic episode

2. depressive episode

Manic episode

a distinct period of high energy and increased activity

• ex: impulsively hitchhiking to Burning Man

Depressive episode

a distinct period of sad mood and loss of interest or pleasure

• ex: Disinterest in going to a show by favorite band

Depressive disorders symptoms

• sadness, emptiness, hopelessness

• changes in appetite, difficulty concentrating, and irritability

major depressive disorders

includes suicidal behaviors: thoughts, plans, and attempts

Anxiety disorders

• most common psychological disorders in US

• anxiety is a normal emotion

• anxiety becomes problematic when it interferes with daily activity

Agoraphobia

fear if certain places or situations including

• public transportation

• being in open/enclosed spaces

• being in a crowd

obsessions

recurrent unwanted and intrusive thoughts, fears, urges or images

compulsions

behaviors in response to obsession

• ex: repetitive handwashing

general personality disorders

drastically different characteristics, beliefs, and behaviors

Cluster A (General Personality disorder behaviors)

odd and eccentric

Cluster B (General Personality disorder behaviors)

dramatic, emotional, erratic

Cluster C (General Personality disorder behaviors)

anxious and fearful

borderline personality disorder

• instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotion

• intense emotions that change quickly change

• thinking in absolutes of all good or bad

general somatic symptom and related disorders

• intense focus on symptoms of physical illness or pain

• may experience real symptoms of illness or injury, but there is no medical explanation

Factitious disorder

• previously known as Munchausen

• characterized by purposeful exposure of self or another to illness or injury

Neurocognitive disorders

• are acquired

• cognitive deficit was not present at brith

what are neurocognitive disorders attributed to?

• brain injury

• disease

• substance/medicaton use