SOC 104 EXAM 3

According to Victor Rios, ____ is the ubiquitous criminalization of youths by social institutions (police, schools, families, media).

a) Criminalization

b) Punitive social control

c) Youth control complex

d) Hypercriminalization

c) Youth control complex

Which of the following is an example of symbolic criminalization, according to Rios?

a) Incarceration

b) School suspension

c) Police harassment

d) Racial profiling

d) Racial profiling

In Rios' explanation of the criminalization of youths, who among the following experience the harshest sanctions from the criminal justice system?

a) Latino and Black youths X

b) White youths

c) Black youths

d) Latino youths

c) Black youths

Which of the following is NOT ture about the methods of Punished?

a) The author observed and interviewed young males who lived in communities affected by criminal justice policies and practices.

b) The author also provides interviews with social control agents, such as police officers.

c) Urban ethnography is also depolyed to develp an understanding of lives of marginalized populations.

d) Shadowing is a way for researchers to access to the young people's routine activities.

b) The author also provides interviews with social control agents, such as police officers.

How did Oakland youths think about parents and other authority figures?

a) Adversarial and excessive in their punishment

b) Well-intentioned, but not able to help

c) They did not think much about these people

d) Caring and helpful

a) Adversarial and excessive in their punishment

What is the term used to refer to the societal impacts of punitive social-control policies and mass incarceration?

a) Far-reaching consequences

b) Collateral consequences

c) Societal ills

d) Punitive fallout

b) Collateral consequences

According to the appendix, why did Rios want to study the criminalization of Black and Latino boys?

a) Rios wanted to understand his own experiences of criminalization while growing up.

b) Rios had previously taught in Oakland and was shocked to see how his Black and Latino male students were treated.

c) Rios had grown up during a time of intense media attention on this issue.

d) Rios was interested in studying unintended consequences of legislation introduced as part of the war on drugs.

a) Rios wanted to understand his own experiences of criminalization while growing up.

How many participants did Rios study in depth?

a) 60

b) 30

c) 50

d) 40

d) 40

Which of the following is NOT part of the racial context of Oakland that impacts Rios' study?

a) Oakland experienced economic decline in the 1960s, which heightened racial tensions.

b) Oakland has been an important site of Black civil rights activism.

c) Oakland neighborhoods continue to be racially segregated.

d) Oakland's Latine population grew significantly in the 1980s and 1990s.

a) Oakland experienced economic decline in the 1960s, which heightened racial tensions.

According to Rios, why did Smiley, along with his other friends, eventually choose to join the gang?

a) They believed it was their only source of support

b) They wanted to look cool in front of their friends

c) Peer pressure

d) They didn't know any better

a) They believed it was their only source of support

Tyrell was continuously criminalized by the police and school authorities because ___

a) He was aggressive

b) He was selling drugs

c) Because of his tall height

d) His mother was using drugs

c) Because of his tall height

Despite being constrained by structural factors like limited resources and criminalization by the police and, in school, Tyrell exercised his agency in Punished. How did he do this?

a) By choosing to become a police officer

b) By choosing to commit crime

c) By choosing to work with his dad

d) By choosing to return to live with his mother

b) By choosing to commit crime

The youths in Punished resorted to the ____ to protect themselves when they lost trust in the criminal justice system.

a) Stigmatization

b)Labeling hype

c) Hypercriminalization

d) Code of the street

d) Code of the street

Why did Tyrell sell drugs?

a) He was ignorant of the risks.

b) He made a calculated choice that the risk was worth the economic reward.

c) He wanted to gain prestige.

d) He did not sell drugs.

b) He made a calculated choice that the risk was worth the economic reward.

According to Rios, why does the "code of the street" exist?

a) It is a purely irrational way of thinking about justice.

b) It is a form of street justice used because the formal justice system has failed.

c) It is a code created by police for the street.

d) It exists to motivate young men to escape the street.

b) It is a form of street justice used because the formal justice system has failed.

Which of the following is the main difference between Rational Choice Theory and Differential Association Theory?

The Rational Choice Theory focus on how individuals evaluate costs, benefits and opportunities when deciding to commit a crime, while the Differential Association Theory focus on how individuals learn to become criminal in society.

Which of the following pair of concepts come from the book The Reasoning Criminal by Derek B. Cornish and Ronald V. Clarke, and will help you better understand the rational choice theory?

a) Target selection & Choice Structuring Properties

b) labeling & pathological shaming

c) Differential & Association

d) Crime & Punishment

a) Target selection & Choice Structuring Properties

Following the milk incident, what did Jose learn?

a) carceral mitigation

b) the code of the state

c) the code of the street

d) criminalized play

c) the code of the street

All of the following made it hard for Jose to escape the cycle of hypercriminalization, EXCEPT FOR

a) His teacher saw him as a threat due to him being tall for his age

b) He did not want to snitch on others when he was arrested for a crime he did not commit

c) After his family was attacked by gang members, he started doing work for a rival gang in exchange for protection

d) law enforecement listed him in their database as a violent gang member

a) His teacher saw him as a threat due to him being tall for his age

Because community members and even their own families thought they were always at risk of participating in criminal or violent activity, how did the community treat them?

a) Community members constantly surveilled and tried to control the boys

b) Community members thought the criminal justice system would provide a threat of punishment, which would encourage the boys away from criminal activity

c) Community members tried to encourage the boys to find a way out through education

d) Community members attempted to support and rehabilitate the boys

a) Community members constantly surveilled and tried to control the boys

According to Rios, hypermasculinity offers the boys in his study all of the following, EXCEPT FOR

a) a sense of dignity and respect

b) a stronger connection to their family

c) a way of earning an income

d) a way out of feeling hopeless

b) a stronger connection to their family

What does Rios refer to as "proper" masculinity?

a) Trying to get a legitimate job and working hard to earn money

b) A version of masculinity that acknowledges men also need social support

c) Joining a gang to protect one's community

d) Hegemonic masculine traits like being strong, stoic, and independent

a) Trying to get a legitimate job and working hard to earn money

Darius and other participants would sometimes "fight for their dignity, even if it meant risking their freedom" by acting like they did not understand expectations for their behavior and being defiant (115). Rios called this strategy...

a) dummy smart

b) social control

c) social incapacitation

d) getting marked

a) dummy smart

Many of the young men self-consciously ______________ as a strategy to discredit the significance of the system which had excluded and punished them.

a) acted indifferent

b) acted stupid

c) acted intelligence

d) acted pathetic

b) acted stupid

James Scott believes that "infrapolitics" has historically made possible huge strides in...

Xa) maintaining inequality

b) contesting equality

c) contesting inequality

d) maintaining equality

c) contesting inequality

Based on Chapter 6, which of the following was NOT a function of referring to guns in conversations for the boys?

a) resolving conflict

b) discussing as metaphors

c) using it for robbery

d) demonstrating manhood

c) using it for robbery

Which of the following is NOT ture about Mike's story ?

a) The delimma between freedom and dignity partly is caused by the fact that these boys don't have too many resources to support themselves.

b) Mike's "irrational" behavior shows that the boys them own have responsibility of their criminalization experience.

X c)His strategy of fighting for dignity at the cost of giving up his freedom had paid off.

d) Mike had stolen the bag of chips as a response to his suffering of crininalization from the store clerk.

b) Mike's "irrational" behavior shows that the boys them own have responsibility of their criminalization experience.

In Punished, Franky's pushing of the police officer who he thought was about to shoot his mom was a demonstration of --------

a) Youth control complex

b) Dummy smart

c) Misrecognition

d) Hypermasculinity

d) Hypermasculinity

Which of the following is NOT a resistance strategy used by the boys in Punished to challenge the system that criminalized them?

a) Ronny not shaking the interviewer's hand at the end of his interview at Carrows

b) Stealing a twenty-five-cent bag of chips

c) Going dumb

d) Defying police and probation officers

a) Ronny not shaking the interviewer's hand at the end of his interview at Carrows

All of the following are examples of neoliberal policies, except for

a) privatizing the city's water service

b) cutting spending on social welfare programs

c) funding early education programs

d) sustained attacks on unions

c) funding early education programs