Atomic Structure 5

What was a key limitation of Rutherford model

Could not explain stability of atom

Why Rutherford model unstable

Electrons should spiral into nucleus

What did Bohr fix

Introduced quantized energy levels

Limitation of Bohr model

Only works well for hydrogen

What is first ionization energy

Energy to remove one mole of electrons from gaseous atoms

Trend of ionization energy across period

Increases

Trend of ionization energy down group

Decreases

Reason for decrease down group

Shielding and distance

What is shielding

Inner electrons reduce nuclear attraction

What is nuclear charge

Number of protons attracting electrons

What is effective nuclear charge

Net attraction felt by electrons

What causes emission spectrum lines

Electron transitions between energy levels

Why lines are discrete

Energy levels are quantized

What is convergence limit

Energy levels become closer at high n