Biochem Lab Quiz 1

CBC is what?

complete blood count; with or without differential

CBC is venous blood collected with what?

lavender tube

An unnacceptable specimen of CBC is when it is what?

clotted or > than 48 hrs

Methodology of testing for CBC?

whole blood analyzer measured in mm³

Natrium means

Sodium

Kalium means what?

potassium

Cation is what?

positive ion

Anion is what?

negative ion

-penia means what?

lack

-osis means what?

condition/increase

iso means what?

same

Plasma consists of what percentage of blood?

55%

How much of plasma is made of water?

92% by weight

Electrolytes, nutrients, respiratory gases and waste products make up what percentage of plasma?

1% by weight

Proteins make up what percentage of plasma?

7% by weight

Albumins make what percentage of protein in plasma?

58%

Globulins make what percentage of protein in plasma?

37%

Fibrinogen make what percentage of protein in plasma?

4%

Regulatory proteins make less than 1% of protein in plasma?

true

What is the percentage of hematocrit in blood?

44%

Average number of erythracytes?

5 million

Buffy coat makes less than 1% of whole blood?

true

How many platelets per cubic mm³?

150-400k in buffy coat of whole blood

How many leukocytes per cubic mm³?

4.5-11k in buffy coat of whole blood

What are a few leukocytes?

Neutrophils

lymphocytes

Basophils

Eosinphils

Neutrophils percentage?

50-70%; most abundant

Lymphocytes percentage?

20-40%

Basophils percentage?

0.5-1%

Eosinophils percentage?

1-4%

Hematocrit can be determined by what?

centrifugation and then measuring blood volume made up by RBC

Normal hematocrit (hct) in males is ___ while in females it’s ___

40-54%; 34-51%

Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) measures what?

average volume or size of RBC’s

MCV measures RBC how?

distribution of RBC in histogram mean

MCV is important in determining what?

types of anemia

Normal MCV is what?

80-100fL

RBC distribution of width measures variation in size of RBC and is derived from?

histogram and represents variation of curve

Differential WBC count includes what?

the numerous types of leukocytes

Differential WBC count absolute calculated how?

multiplying % of white cell by total WBC

Basic metabolic panel is what?a

multiple tests grouped together into a single profile

Most important extracellular fluids are which?

calcium, sodium, chloride, potassium

Blood is?

extracellular, only measure as well

Potassium is mainly

inside cell; wants to leak out

cation

normal level 3.5-4.5

BMP includes ____ and tests what organ?

electrolytes; tests kidney function

Sodium normal level is what?

140; cation

If specimen is hemolyzed, potassium levels may be falsley elevated. Why?

potassium leaves cell

Chloride is what?

anion

follows Na or HCO3 to maintain electrical neutrality

100 normal level

What happens to NaCl in water?

Dissolves

water follows salt

What do you mainly use to measure CO2 levels in blood in BMP?

bicarbonate; HCO3

If HCO3 drops what happens to blood?

more acidic

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) measures what?

Urea nitrogen level in blood

Urea is formed in liver as product of what?

Product of protein metabolism and transported to kidneys for excretion

Renal diseases causes excretion of urea to do what?

decrease; increase in BUN

If kidneys fail, what is there a potential build up of?

urea; causes uremia

What is creatinine?

catabolic product of creatine phosphate

Kidneys get rid of creatine?

true

What needs glucose?

RBC and neurons

Low glucose can lead to what?

hypoglycemia; can be fatal if occurs suddenly

Fasting plasma glucose for someone with diabetes is what?

>= 126

2 hr post pranadial plasma glucose for someone with diabetes is what?

>=200

Random plasma glucose for someone with diabetes is what in the presence of symptoms?

>200

How many forms of total calcium are there in blood?

free (ionized)

bound to albumin

Total serum calcium decrease by ~ 0.8 mg per 1g decrease in serum albumin?

true

Comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP) is what?

more extensive evaulation of organ dysfunction

CMP includes everything from BMP as well as what?

total protein, albumin, total bilribin, alkaline phosphate, asparte aminotransferase, alanine transferase

Total protein is measured in where?

plasma

Most protein plasmas are?

albumin and globulins

Albumins never leave plasma?

true

Albumin is synthesized where?

liver and measure of hepatic function

egg white

Role of albumin

maintain colloid osmotic pressure and transports blood constituents

Alkaline phosphate isoenzyme found where?

liver and bone mostly

How long do RBCs last

120 days

Unconjugated makes up what percentage of bilirubin?

70-85%

Asparte aminotransferase enzyme is present where?

hepatocytes and myocytes (skeletal and cardiac)

Alanine aminotransferase enzyme is found where?

liver and kidney cells

Liver injury causes aminotransferase level to…

increase

What does lead inhibit that leads to decreased heme synthesis?

ferrochelatase and ALA dehydratase

What lead inhibit that causes basophilic stippling?

rRNA degradation

Lead poisoning can lead to lead lines on gums called?

Burton’s lines

Treatment for lead poisoning includes

chelating agents

chelating agents in children

> 45

chelating agents in adults

>70