SPH 102 Exam 1

What is the study of the distribution and determinants of disease frequency in human populations and the applications of this study to control health problems.

Epidemiology

What term refers to the analysis of disease patterns according to the characteristics of person, time and place?

Disease Distribution

What famous epidemiologist used an experimental study to discover the cause and prevention of

scurvy in the mid-1700s?

James Lind

What is the difference between public health research and clinical research?

It focuses mainly on disease prevention rather than disease treatment and the units of concern are groups of people living rather than separate individuals

What famous epidemiologist described the state of health of the population, sought to establish the determinants of public health, and applied this knowledge to the prevention and control of disease in mid-19th century in Great Britain.

William Farr

What steps are taken to quantify disease frequency in a population:

• Instituting a mechanism for counting cases of disease within a specified population

• Determining the size of the population

• Developing a definition of disease

What term refers to factors that bring about a change in a person’s health (factors that either cause a healthy individual to become sick or cause a sick person to recover).

Disease determinants

What is a multidisciplinary field whose goal is to promote the health of the population through organized community efforts.

Public Health

9.What are some main objectives of epidemiology?

• Identify patterns and trends in disease occurrence

• Identify the causes of disease

• Evaluate the effectiveness of measures that prevent and treat disease

What famous epidemiologist drew many inferences about the patterns of fertility, morbidity, and mortality by tabulating the Bills of Mortality in 17th-century London.

John Graunt

What term refers to quantifying how often a disease arises in a population.

Disease frequency

A person’s genetic makeup, gender, age, immunity level, diet, behaviors, and existing diseases are examples of:

Individual disease determinants

The presence of infectious agents, reservoirs in which the organism multiplies and vectors that transport the agent are examples of:

Environmental disease determinants

What epidemiologist conducted early research on smoking and lung cancer in 1950.

Richard Doll and Austin Bradford Hill

The odds of lung cancer are 20 to 1 in people who smoke versus non- smokers.

Ratio

1.3 percent of the population of Los Angeles County has a diagnosis of stomach cancer.

Percent

During the month of November 2014 in Sierra Leone, 7.5 people tested positive for Ebola virus disease per 100,000 population per week.

Rate