ANFS240 Final Exam

site of spermatogenesis

testes

what is the testes' endocrine function?

creation and release of sex hormones

what does the maturation of sperm occur?

epididymis

where do sperm enter the epididymis from the testicle?

head

where do sperm exit the epididymis?

tail

what long, thin tube continuous with the epididymis extends to the urethra?

deferent duct

membrane that surrounds and encloses the testes

vaginal tunic

what layer of the vaginal tunic is very tightly adhered to the surface of the testicle and epididymis?

visceral layer

what is the white covering that surrounds only the testicle, not the epididymis?

tunica albuginea

muscle within the spermatic cord responsible for retracting the testicles

cremaster muscle

structure that houses the testicle, epididymis, and spermatic cord

scrotum

what is the scrotum adhered to?

tunica dartos

what median groove divides the scrotum into left and right compartments?

septum

what is the tube that extends from the bladder to the most distal end of the penis?

urethra

in what part of the urethra do the deferent ducts join? associated with several accessory reproductive glands

urethra

what portion of the urethra exists within the penis?

spongy urethra

what 2 species do not have ampullary glands?

boars, toms

what is the enlarged portion of the deferent duct that shares a duct with the vesicular gland?

ampullary glands

what 2 species do not have vesicular glands?

dogs, toms

what accessory reproductive gland is large, smooth and bladder-like in stallions?

vesicular glands

what accessory reproductive gland is very well developed in dogs and toms?

prostate gland

what is the most distal accessory reproductive gland that is also paired? not present in dogs

bulbourethral glands

what layer of the prepuce is continuous with the external integument and is haired?

lamina externa

what layer of the prepuce faces the free end of the penis?

lamina interna

what type of penis do carnivores and stallions posses?

musculocavernous

what type of penis contains much less connective tissue and much more space to allow for the increase in blood volume? erection occurs secondary to engorgement of erectile tissue with blood

musculocavernous

what type of penis do ruminants and boars posses?

fibroelastic

in a fibroelastic penis, erection occurs along with external lengthening of the penis by straightening of what structure?

sigmoid flexure

what type of penis contains a substanial amount of fibroelastic tissue and less open space between for blood flow?

fibroelastic

what male reproductive structure is found in the canine and feline penis, and is otherwise disconnected from the skeleton?

os penis

what is the area of attachment of the penis?

root

what is the main part of the penis?

body

what is the distal part of the penis?

glans

erectile tissue directly enclosing the urethra

corpus spongiosum

what structure forms the bulb and glans of the penis?

corpus spongiosum

what structure allows the urethra to remain patent while the tissue is engorged with blood?

corpus spongiosum

paired erectile tissue that comprises the bulk of the body of the penis

corpus cavernosum

tough outer casing surrounding the corpus cavernosum

tunica albuginea

muscle responsible for retracting the penis back into the abdomen and prepuce

retractor penis muscle

extension of the urethra beyond the glans

urethral process

where are oocytes produced?

ovaries

what species only has 1 functional ovary?

bird

what surrounds the entire ovary?

tunica albuginea

outer layer of the ovary

ovarian cortex

central layer of the ovary

ovarian medulla

thin-walled, fluid-filled structures that contain the oocyte

follicle

what structure ruptures to release the oocyte during ovulation?

follicle

tissue that forms in place of where the follicle ruptured

corpus luteum

what structure secretes the hormones required to maintain early pregnancy?

corpus luteum

scar tissue that is a remnant of the CL

corpus albicans

what carries the ovulated oocyte to the uterus, and where fertilization occurs?

oviduct

finger-like projections that come into contact with the ovary to collect the ovum

fimbriae

what part of the uterine tube is closest to the ovary?

infundibulum

what portion of the uterine tube connects to the uterine horn?

isthmus

enlarged portion of the reproductive tract where the embryo enters, attaches, and develops throughout gestation

uterus

What is the thickened area within the uterus called?

Cervix

What is the function of the cervix in the uterus?

Acts as a sphincter to protect the contents of the uterus from the external environment

serosal outer layer of the uterus

perimetrium

muscular middle layer of the uterus

myometrium

inner mucosal layer of the uterus

endometrium

the cervix is located within what body cavity?

pelvic

what 3 species have a firm fibrous cervix made up of several fibrous rings?

cow, ewe, doe

what 3 species have a simple muscular cervix, with a vaginal part and a fornix?

mare, bitch, queen

vaginal part of the cervix that bulges out into the vagina

fornix

what female structure extends into the opening of the urethra?

vagina

what shared urinary and repro space contains the urethral opening and the vagina?

vestibule

exterior portion of the female reproductive tract

vulva

in the vulva, 2 labia meet at dorsal and ventral what?

commissures

what species has an inverse vulva?

mares

what female structure is analogous to the male penis?

clitoris

suspensory apparatus for the entire female reproductive tract

broad ligament

what part of the broad ligament connects the ovaries to the body wall?

mesovarium

what part of the broad ligament connects the oviducts to the body wall?

mesosalpinx

what part of the broad ligament connects the uterine horns and body to the body wall?

mesometrium

strong cord of fibromascular tissue connecting the ovary to the uterine horn

proper ligament of the ovary

ligament the connects the uterine horns

intercornual ligament

Organ that facilitates nutrient and waste exchange, as well as hormone production essential for maintaining pregnancy

placenta

membranes that form around the embryo that provide physical and immunological protection

fetal membranes

what structure allows for the transfer of nutrient and waste between the fetus and dam?

fetal membranes

innermost fetal membrane that surrounds the amniotic cavity

amnion

middle fetal membrane that surrounds the allantoic cavity

allantois

cavity where waste accumulates from the fetus

allantoic cavity

most external fetal membrane fused with the allantois

chorion

what fetal membrane communicates directly with the endometrium?

chorion

allantois + chorion =

chorioallantois

fingerlike projections extending from the chorioallantois

chorionic villio

fingerlike projections extending from the maternal endometrium

endometrial villi

least invasive type of placentation that has 6 layers

epitheliochorial placentation

moderately invasive type of placentation that has 4 layers

endotheliochorial placentation

what 3 species have epitheliochorial placentation?

cows, pigs, horses

what 2 species have endotheliochorial placentation?

dogs, cats

most invasive type of placentation that has 3 layers

hemochorial placentation

what type of placentation do rodents have?

hemochorial placentation

what type of placenta do pigs and horses have?

diffuse

in what type of placenta are villi spread in small clumps all over the surface of the chorion?

diffuse

in what type of placenta are villi found in scattered patches across the chorion?

cotyledonary

what type of placenta do ruminants have?

cotyledonary

in what type of placenta do villi develop along a band of chorion that encircles the trunk of the embryo?

zonary placenta

what type of placenta do dogs and horses have?

zonary

what structure in the umbilical cord is paired?

umbilical arteries