Molecular Biology

Flashcards in the style of FILL_IN_THE_BLANK

The genetic blueprint has 3 fundamental properties:

Stores information, can be accurately copied & transmitted to progeny, has the capacity to change (mutate)

__ is the process where genetic information transfers from dead S cells to live R cells.

Genetic information for virulence transferred from dead S cells to live R cells

The Hershey and Chase experiment concluded that __ - not protein - carries genetic information

DNA

__ determined the structure of DNA using X-ray crystallography.

James Watson, Francis Crick, Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin

Describe the structure of DNA double helix:

Two anti-parallel strands of DNA form double helix. Hydrophilic phosphate groups and deoxyribose are exposed. N-bases face inward; interact via H-bonds (A with T; G with C)

DNA stores information through __

Sequence of bases.

DNA mutates when there is a __

Change sequence of bases.

DNA is accurately copied (replicated) prior to cell division because __.

Two DNA strands are complementary. The sequence of each strand contains the information needed to make a perfect copy of the other strand.

During DNA replication __ synthesizes DNA

DNA synthesized by DNA polymerase

Complementary DNA strands are pulled apart by __ during DNA replication

DNA helicase

__ only adds nucleotides to the 3'OH of the growing strand

DNA polymerase

__ makes a short RNA primer to start DNA synthesis.

Primase

Primers must be removed and Okazaki fragments connected to complete the synthesis of the lagging strand. This is done by __

DNA polymerase I and DNA ligase

During DNA replication, DNA polymerase III __

Adds nucleotides to 3’OH of RNA primer

George Beadle and Edward Tatum proposed the __ hypothesis

One gene – one enzyme

Conversion from base sequence to amino acid sequence occurs through __ intermediate

mRNA (messenger RNA)

During transcription, __ is used

RNA polymerase

During translation, __ are used

Ribosomes

A codon consists of __

Three bases that specify an amino acid

The genetic code is redundant because __

Different codons can specify the same amino acid

The genetic code is not ambiguous because __

No codon specifies more than one amino acid

__ is the start (initiation) codon

AUG

A stretch of bases uninterrupted by termination codons is called an __

Open-reading frame or ORF