Protozoa with direct lifecycles

Trichomonas fetus & gallinae (hosts, pathogenesis, diagnosis, epidemiology)

ppp: 15-20d

DH: cattle, cats, poultry

pathogenesis: abortion, endometriosis, diarrhoea

diagnosis: swab

epidemiology: bulls transmit, no vaccine

Encephalitozoon cuniculi (hosts, pathogenesis, diagnosis, epidemiology)

ppp: 3-4mo

DH: rabbits, rodents, humans

pathogenesis: encephalitozoonosis, aseptic foci in organs, meningoencephalitis

diagnosis: serology/histology

epidemiology: stocking densities, livestock wildlife interface

Histomonas meleagridis (hosts, pathogenesis, diagnosis, epidemiology)

ppp: 2-3wks

DH: turkeys, chickens

(IH: poultry ascarid worm)

pathogenesis: necrotic foci in liver, necrotic caecum, diarrhoea

diagnosis: PM histology

epidemiology: high mortality in young birds

Entamoeba histolytica (hosts, pathogenesis, diagnosis, epidemiology)

DH: multiple mammals, humans

pathogenesis: dysentery, liver abscesses

Giardia duodenalis (hosts, pathogenesis, diagnosis, epidemiology)

DH: multiple mammals

pathogenesis: giardiasis, diarrhoea

epidemiology: treatment with antibiotics

Balantidium coli (hosts, pathogenesis, diagnosis, epidemiology)

DH: pigs

pathogenesis: diarrhoea, colitis

epidemiology: treat with tetracyclines

Eimeria spp. (hosts, pathogenesis, diagnosis, epidemiology)

DH: poultry, cattle

pathogenesis: coccidiosis, diarrhoea

diagnosis: histology, on-site tests

epidemiology: vaccine? anticoccidials

Cryptosporidium spp.

DH: cattle and humans

pathogenesis: diarrhoea, faeces shed

diagnosis: histology, on-site tests

epidemiology: no vaccine, resistant oocysts