Unit 5 1844-1877

Manifest Destiny

The widely held belief in the United States during the 19th Century that the U.S. should control the North American continent.

Annexation of Texas

The incorporation of the Republic of Texas into the United States in 1845.

Mexican American War

A conflict between the U.S. and Mexico from 1846 to 1848, triggered by territorial disputes.

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

The 1848 treaty that ended the Mexican-American War and granted the U.S. territory including Texas and California.

Crittenden Compromise

A proposal by John Crittenden to prevent the Civil War by extending the Missouri Compromise line; it was rejected.

Emancipation Proclamation

President Lincoln's 1863 declaration that freed slaves in Confederate-held territory, redefined the Civil War as a war against slavery.

13th Amendment

The constitutional amendment ratified in 1865 that abolished slavery in the United States.

14th Amendment

The amendment ratified in 1868 that granted citizenship and equal protection under the law to all persons born or naturalized in the U.S.

Black Codes

Laws passed in the South after the Civil War to restrict the rights and freedoms of African Americans.

Radical Republicans

A faction of the Republican Party during Reconstruction that advocated for strong federal action to secure rights for freed slaves.

Andrew Johnson

The 17th President of the United States, whose lenient approach to Reconstruction led to conflict with Congress.

KKK (Ku Klux Klan)

A white supremacist group that emerged during Reconstruction to oppose the rights of African Americans.

Bargain of 1877

An informal agreement that resolved the disputed 1876 presidential election by withdrawing federal troops from the South, ending Reconstruction.

Anaconda Plan

The Union's military strategy aimed to defeat the Confederacy by blockading southern ports and controlling the Mississippi River.

Gettysburg

A pivotal battle in 1863 that marked a turning point in the Civil War, resulting in a significant defeat for the Confederacy.