3.2.2 Mitosis and the Cell Cycle

Interphase

The phase of the cell cycle where cells prepare for DNA replication in three stages - G1, S, and G2.

Mitosis

The process in which a parent cell divides into two identical daughter cells, used for tissue repair, asexual reproduction, and maintaining chromosome number.

Chromosomes

Structures made of DNA tightly coiled around histone proteins, containing genes, and present in a set number in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

Homologous Chromosomes

A pair of chromosomes containing the same genes in the same positions, one from each parent.

Stages of Mitosis

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, and Cytokinesis - the process of cell division.

Mitotic Index

A ratio showing the number of cells undergoing mitosis compared to the total number of cells, often expressed as a percentage.

Cancer

Results from mutations in genes controlling cell division, leading to uncontrolled growth and division of cells, forming tumours that can be benign or malignant.

Treatment of Cancer

Involves blocking parts of the cell cycle using drugs to control cell division, which can disrupt DNA replication or spindle formation.