Anti-Protozoals (+ structures)

Antiprotozoal, Antifungals and Antitubercular

Metronidazole

Is the most useful of a group of antiprotozoal nitroimidazole derivatives that have been synthesized in various laboratories throughout the world.

T. vaginalis

Metronidazole was first marketed for the topical treatment of what illness?

Flagyl, Protostat, Metro IV

Examples of Metronidazole?

Giardiasis and balantidiasis

Metronidazole has been found of use in the treatment of these other diseases.

Metronidazole

8-Hydroxyquinolone

An antiprotozoal oxyquinolones.

Oxine, quinophenol, or oxyquinolone

Are the parent compound from which the antiprotozoal oxyquinolones have been derived.

8-Hydroxyquinolone

Emetine and dehydroemetine

Are obtained by separation from extracts of ipecac. They occur as levorotatory, light sensitive white powders that are insoluble in water.

E. histolytica

Emetine and dehydroemetine exert a direct amebicidal action on various forms of what?

Pentamidine Isethionate

Is a water-soluble crystalline salt that is stable to light and air. The principal use of this is for the treatment of pneumonia caused by the opportunistic pathogenic protozoan P. carinii, a frequent secondary invader associated with AIDS.

Emetine

Dehydroemetine

Pentamidine Isothianate

Benzinzadole

Is a nitroimidazole derivative that is used for the treatment of Chagas disease. It is not available in the United States but is used extensively in South America.

Nifurtimox

The effectiveness of benznizadole is similar to that of what?

Benznizadole

Peripheral neuropathy, bone marrow depression and allergic-type reactions

Benznidazole adverse effects

Melarsoprol

Is prepared by reduction of a corresponding pentavalent arsanilate to the trivalent arsenoxide followed by reaction of the latter with 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol (British anti-Lewisite [BAL])

African trypanosomiasis

Melarsoprol has become the drug of choice for the treatment of later stages of both forms of what?

T. gambiense and T. rhodesiense

Melarsoprol is effective against meningoencephalitic forms of what?

Melarsoprol

Shares the toxic properties of other arsenicals, however, so its use must be monitored for signs of arsenic toxicity.

Melarsoprol

Dimercaprol

Is a foul-smelling, colorless liquid. It is soluble in water and alcohol. It was developed by the British during WWII.

Lewisite

Dimercaprol was used to treat or was an antidote for?

Dimercaprol

Is effective topically and systematically as an antidote for poisoning caused by arsenic, antimony, mercury, gold and lead. It can therefore, also be used to treat arsenic and antimony toxicity associated with overdose or accidental ingestion or organoarsenicals or organoantimonials.

Dimercaprol