English Final Sophomore S2

How do you punctuate a long work

italics/underline

how do you punctuate a short work

bunny ears

theme

central idea

motif

reoccuring element

exposition

introcutsion

conflict

inciting incident

rising action

tension builds

climax

turning point

falling action

consequences of climax

resolution (denoument)

conclusion

static character

stays the same

dynamic character

undergoes significant change

flat character

1 trait

round character

complex character

prose

sentences and paragraphs

poetry (verse)

lines and stanzas

syntax

rules governing sentence structure

commas

list 3 or more items

semicolons

link independent clauses or create complex lists

colons

introduce lists explainations of quotes

em-dash

abrupt change or emphasis

brackets

technical clarifications

parenthesis

background info or side notes

elipses

trailing off or indication words were emitted from a quote

subject

person, place, thing performing action

object

entity receiving action

phase

group of words lacking subject

IC

can stand alone

DC

cannot stand alone

simple sentence

one ic

compound

2 ic joined by conjunction or semicolon

compound/complex

atleast 2 IC and 1 DC

pronoun

word substituding noun

antecent

specific noun a pronoun refers to

conjunctive adverb

transition connecting IC using semicolon and comma

subordinate conjunctions

connector introducing DC

Parts of speech

Noun, pronoun, verb, adverb, adjective, conjunction, preposition, interjection

misplaced modifier

description too far

dangling modifier,

modifier describes missing word

actie voice

subject performs action

passive voice

subject recieves action

parallelism

grammatical structure repeat

Gerund Verbal

Verb ending in ING

Infinitive Verbal

base form preceded by “to”

Participle Verbal

Verb used as adjective

affect

infleuence

effect

result

metacognition

thinking about thinking

convention

accepted style in literature

genre

distinct category

dramatic irony

audience knows something characters don’t

verbal irony

sarcasm

satire

humor ironyu or exaggeration to criticize

parody

party

homage

honor

soliloquy

speech delivered to reveal internal thoughts

monologue

long speech delivered to other characters

aside

short comment delivered by actor; other characters cannot hear

juxtaposition

highlights side by side

diction

word choice

imagery

painting a mental picture

connotation

implied meaning

denotation

dictonary definition

foreshadowing

subtle hints

foreboding

something bad will happen

alliteration

repitition of consonant sounds

assonance

repitition of vowel sounds

allusion

indirect reference

anaphora

repitition of word/phrase at beginning

refrain

repeated line/stanza

simile

like/as

metaphor

one thing is another

couplet

2 lines of verse ; does rhyme

quatrain

4 lines

sonnet

14 lines; rhymes

ballad

narrative poem, quatrains

hyperbole

exaggeration

enjambment

continjuation of sentence without pause beyond end of a line

slant/near rhyme

almost rhymes

internal rhyme

occurs within a line

end rhyme

rhymes at end of line

rhyme scheme

ABAB

symbolism

object, person, situation representing deeper meaning

lyric

emotions

narrative

tells a story

tone

authors attitude towards subject

mood

emptional feeling created for reader

style

unique way an author writes

oxymoron

two contradicting terms

redundancy

unnecessary repitition

portmanteau

blending of words

cliche

overused expression

idiom

phrase with non literal meaning

stressed syllable

emphasis on certain syllables

ethos

credability

logos

logic

pathos

emotion

rhetoric fallacies (ad homenim)

error in reasoning where individual attacks person

literal question

directly answered by text

figurative question

questions exploring deeper meanings