psych presentation

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The term schizophrenia means split mind and was founded in 1908 by Paul Eugen Bleuler. The disorder has been recognized since ancient times, but it’s always been difficult to classify. Today, many scientists see it as a group of related disorders.

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Schizophrenia affects about 1 in 100 people. It usually appears in the late teens to early 30s, earlier in men than women. It’s rare in young children and older adults.

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Paranoid schizophrenia involves delusions and hearing voices, often about being harmed or watched. People may still have relatively normal thinking. However, they can be at higher risk for dangerous or suicidal behavior.

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Catatonic Schizophrenia affects movement. People may become very still, repeat movements, or show unusual postures. This type is rare today and often linked to mood disorders instead.

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Schizophrenia is a spectrum disorder, meaning it exists on a wide range. Symptoms can vary a lot in type and seriousness from person to person. Each form of the disorder has its own unique characteristics.

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Schizophrenia is linked to physical changes in the brain. People often have less gray matter, especially in areas controlling thinking and memory. There are also chemical imbalances, like too much dopamine and glutamate, which affect how the brain functions.

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People with schizophrenia can also have physical impairments. They may struggle with balance, strength, and endurance. These issues are linked to problems in muscles, motor neurons, and both the central and peripheral nervous systems.

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Negative symptoms develop more gradually and involve a loss of normal behaviors. People may stop taking care of themselves or lose motivation. They can also feel emotionally disconnected and avoid social interaction.

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Schizophrenia usually develops over time, starting with a decline in functioning and mild psychotic symptoms. A diagnosis is made when clearer symptoms appear, and the person shows at least two symptoms, like delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, or unusual behavior, for about a month. Doctors may also use physical exams, such as MRL scans, and blood tests to rule out other causes.