Chem Acids and Bases Test

Bronsted Lowry acid

a molecule/ion that is a proton donor

bronsted Lowry base

a molecule/ion that is a proton acceptor

bronsted Lowry acid base reaction

protons transferred from one reaction(acid) to another(base)

monoprotic

an acid that can donate only one portion (H ion) per molecule

polyprotic

an acid that can donate more than one proton per molecule

diprotic acid

can donate 2 protons per molecule

triprotic acid

an acid able to donate 3 protons per molecule

Lewis acid

an atom, ion, or molecule that accepts an electron pair to form a covalent bond

Lewis base

an atom or molecule that donated an electron pair to form a covalent bond

lewis acid-base reaction

the formation of one or more covalent bonds between an electron pair donor and an electron pair acceptor

characteristics of acids

sour taste, ph lower than 7, turn litmus strip red, conduct electricity, electrolytes, release H+ ions in aqueous solution

bases

bitter taste, ph higher than 7, turn litmus for strip blue, conduct electricity, electrolytes OH- in aqueous solution

Arrhenius acids

H+ of H3O+ producer

chemical compounds that increase concentration of H+ ions in aqueous solution

Arrhenius bases

OH- producer

Substances that increase the concentration of OH- ions in aqueous solution

conjugate acids

species formed when a Bronsted-Lowry base gives a proton

conjugate base

species remained after a Bronsted-Lowry acid has given up a proton

strong acids

has a weak conjugate base

weak acids

has a strong conjugate base

strong bases

dissociate in aqueous solutions

weak bases

don’t dissociate in aqueous solutions

electrolytes

dissociate in water and conduct electricity

nonelectrolytes

do not break down in water

amphoteric

any species that can react as an acid or a base

salt

an ionic compound of a cation from a base and an anion from an acid

neutralization

the reaction of ions that characterize acids and bases to form water molecules and a salt

Oxyacid

an acid that is a compound of H, O, and a third element, usually a nonmetal

hydrochloric acid

important for pickling iron and steel, generally a cleaning agent to maintain acidity in pools

phosphoric acid

flavoring agent in drinks, cleaning for dairy equipment, essential for plant fertilizer and animal feed

Acetic acid

can form crystals in a cold room, important for industrializing chemicals for plastic

sulfuric acid

manufacture or fertilizer, manufacturers paper, metal, paint, dyes, detergents

which theory of acids and bases is the most general and broad

Lewis theory

write the equation that shows NH3 functioning as an arrhenius base

H2O+NH3→NH4+OH-1