World Religions Final

Know the elements of Foundational Judaism

Hebrew Bible

Abraham: Circumcision, Promised Land

Exile in Egypt

Moses: Passover, Exodus, Covenant

Davidic Covenant, Solomon’s Temple

Messiah

Exile in Babylon

2nd Temple

End of the Prophetic era

Know the elements of Interim Judaism

Judahism (Second Temple Judaism)

2nd temple

Persian rulers

Greek Rulers

Maccabean Revolt/Hasmonean Rulers

Romans

Sadducees

Essenes

Zealots

Pharisees

Know the elements of classical Judaism

Began after Christianity

Key date:70 AD-Destruction of the Temple under Titus;synagogues remain

Only pharisees left

Torah, not temple becomes the center of Jewish life

Rabbinical Schools

Know the Jewish acronym/name for the Hebrew Bible

The Tanakh

Know what “midrash” is

investigation into deeper meaning (like biblical theology or systematic theology for Christians.

Know the name of the Jewish oral tradition

The Mishnah

Know what the Talmud is

study learning

mishnah+Gemara

Know what Ashkazy Jews are

influenced by German culture and Christianity

Know the Hebrew name for the Jewish New Year

Rosh Hashanah

Know the name of the Jewish prayer shawl

Tallit

Know the 3 major branches of modern Judaism

Reform

Orthodox

Conservative

Know what Zionism is

a political movement to establish a modern nation state of israel

Know why Jews reject Jesus (because they believe he is not what?)

not divine or messiah

not a prophet

not a teacher/rabbi

Know the name of the Jewish process of repentance

Teshuvah

Know the Jewish view of the afterlife

they do not put a lot of emphasis on what happens after death

their religion is largely focused on this life

ot concept of Sheol

the grave not held to after destruction of temple insteand of Olam ha ba world to come.

Know what percentage Muslims make up of the global population

23% of Global population

Know who raised Muhamad when he was orphaned

his uncle Abdul Talib

Know the name of Muhammad’s first wife

Khadija

Know the name of the angel who revealed the Koran

gabriel

Know why Muslims believe the Koran is a miracle

Mahammed was illiterate

Know the name of the night when the Koran was first revealed

The Night of Power

Know the meaning of Islam

submission

Know the name of Muhammad’s flight from Mecca to Medina

Hijrah

Know why Muhammad’s 11 wives at once is considered ok by Muslims

Many of Muhammad’s marriages are understood as acts of compassion and provision for the widows of some of his soldiers

Know the standard for establishing a man’s guilt for rape

4 male witnesses must testify

Know the meaning of the Sunnah

Muhammad’s actions- sunni muslims

Know the names of the 4 right-guided Caliphs

Abuk Bakr

compiled official quran

Umar

Conquered Iran, Iraq, Syria, Palestine, and egypt

Uthman

Ali

Adopted son of muhammad who married his daughter fatima

recording of revelations finished

sis followers-shia

Know the elements of Sunni Islam

Line of leadership=Abu Bakr and the Umayyad clan of the Quraysh tribe=Mauwiyah succeeding ali

tradionalist Islam including in following the authority of the Sadiths and of the selection committee of Caliphs

reject superstitious devotion to muhammads family and to muslim saints

Know the elements of Shia Islam

Line of leadership=Ali’s son Husayn-husayn defeated by Mauwiyah’s son, Yazid

Belief: Abu Bake wrongly took over control and promoted

Muslims in name only-reject Caliphs, follow 12 Jmams (and also glorify martyrdom

Devotion to Muslim saints, including to Muhammad’s daughter and Alis wife, fatima as ideal

Know the elements of Sufi Islam

Mystical, personal relationship focus

Revivalist movement within Sunni against worldliness

Combines monk-like discipline/asceticism (commitment to poverty) with emotional spirituality/mystic devotion

Hours spent in Quran study, prayer, repetition of sacred verses, veneration of saints, and singing/dancing

hypnotic meditative dancing

Know what the Kaaba is

cube shaped shrine with 360 tribal idols and black stone

Know the name for chapters and verses in the Quran

chapters is suras

verses ayahs

Know what the doctrine of abrogation is

later quranic revelations abrogate (do away with) early revelations. clear and perfect text appearance of conflict

Know the counterparts to Jesus, Mary and the Bible in Islam

Jesus=quran

mary=muhammad

Hadith=bible

Know what the Sira is

the oldest and most comprehensive biography of muhammad

Know what Isnad is

the chain of oral narratives by which a tradition is handed down (not inspired)

Know what Quranism is

because the hadith are so contradictory and problematic some muslims have advocated abandoning the hadith and relying on the quran alone

Know what Tafsir is

exegesis

Know the 5 reasons that point to the Quran as merely human not divine

The quran contradicts previous scripture

The quran contradicts itself

the quran clearly demonstrates it had human sources

no early manuscripts

Chronological confusion

Know what the Shahada is

Creedal statement: “I bear witness that there is no God but Allah, and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.”

Know what Tawhid is

islamic monotheism

know what shirk is

associating of partners with allah, or the denial of the oneness of allah. Regarded as the greatest sin in Islam

know what mithaq is

the original covenant betwen allah and humanity, where Adam agreed to submit to allah

know what fitra is

The innate knowledge we all possess that we had originally submitted to allah

know how islam conceives of sin

humans do not have a sin nature/internal corruption but sin is merely forgetfulness

know what shariah is

path to a watering hole: allahs unchanging divine law governing self and society and helping us to remember and live by allahs guidance.

know what salat is

prayer

know what zakat is

tax to the poor

know what saum is

ramadan nignth month of islam

know what hajj is

pilgrimage 6 day piligrimage to the kaaba int he great moske of mecca

know why muslims dont believe jesus was crucified

a true prophet

not true prophet could be humilitated this way

know what the umma is

the unified muslim community

know which muslim empire was headquartered at instanbul

ottoman empire

know the 4 major muslim responses to modernity

Traditionalist

Modernist

Liberal/secular

Islamist (Fundamentalist, Radical)

know the 7 branches of radical islam discussed

Wahhabi Movement

Muslim Brotherhood

Islamic Republican of IRan

Hamas

Osama Bin Laden/Al-Qaeda

The Taliban

Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS)

Know the 3 significant shaping factors in Smith’s early life

his fathers family was involved in witchcraft,

mother family was involved in methodist revivalism, perfectionism, healings, and visions.

older brother, alvin, died young

Know the name of revival region of western New York state

The burned over district

Know the name of the movement of Smith’s day focused on recovering the pure form of the New Testament church

Restoration movements

Know who appeared to Smith in his first vision in the sacred grove

heavenly father and with Jesus

Know where the angel Moroni revealed the plates to be buried

under a nearby hill, Hill Cumorah

Know what enabled smith to translate the plates the 2nd time

two stones placed in a hat

know the name of the group established to act as vigilantee assasins and intimidators for the mormon community

The Danites or Avenging Angels

know at which city smith was elected as prophet, priest, and king and crowned as king to the kingdom of God

Nauvoo, Illinois

know the name of the route to the salt lake Valley, Utah which 14.000 Mormons followed under Brigham Young’s leadership

mormon trail

Know the way of Mormon theology

New and Progressive Revelation Restoring the Pure Church

know the 4 books that make up the mormon canon

The holy bible

The book of mormon

The Doctrine and Covenants

Pearl of Great Price

know the name of the Jewish prophet who led a group to the Americas

Lehi

Know the name of the prophet who wrote the golden tablets

Mormon

Know the God is for Mormons (not the Creator)

great organizer

Know the destiny for humans who follow God’s plan

we too can become Gods

Know the Mormon understanding of the Fall

a positive development because it gives humans the chance to choose and progress to godhood.

know the key belief of Charles Taze Russell borrowed from Nelson Barbour

Jesus had been spiritually present on earth since 1874 and in 1914, Christ’s kingdome would be fully present on earth

Know how Joseph Rutherford changed the Jehovah’s Witnesses

turned it into an organized hierarchy and took a more authoritarian approach to running it.

Expanded there witnessing

Know which president of the Jehovah’s Witnesses oversaw the New World Translation

Nathan Knorr

Know who the Logos was originally created as

as the Archangel michael

Know the Jehovah’s Witness belief concerning the resurrection

Jesus did not physically rise from the dead but was only spiritually recreated as an angel

Know what the Holy Spirit is according to the Jehovahs Witnesses

Is Gods active force not a person

Know what Jehovah’s Witnesses belief is the fate of unbelievers

annihilated

Know who is the Evangelist of New Thought

Ralph Waldo Trine

Know what positive confession theology is

what I confess, I possess.

speaking right words to bring about a new reality

Know who is the evangelist of the prosperity gospel

Kenneth E. Hagin Sr.

Know why God exists in prosperity theology

to meet our needs and desires

Know what is the core message of these preachers

material prosperity

know what obligates God to give us blessings

because of the Abrahamic covenant

Know what is secured by Christ’s atonement on the cross

physical healing and financial prosperity

Know the reasons why the Prosperity Gospel has grown

contains a grain of biblical truth

explains for some the actual experience they and others have truly had of healing and success

appeals to the natural human desire to be successful,healthy, and financally secuer

promises much and requires little

delivered by winsome and polished preachers

captures those who have little previous knowledge of biblical doctrine or discernment of the influence of secular culture

know which era began radical restructering of the roles of the individual and the state

English Re-formation

know which immigrant group sought to bring the kingdom of heaven to earth

pilgrims

know which era included the development of new ideas about the structure of society by people like Hobbes and Locke

Puritan Revolution

Know which era saw the beginning of the divergence between the theistic and atheistic versions of the social justice religion

Enlightenment Revolution

know what event promoted a totalitarian state “forcing you to be free

French Revolution

know what presented a mixture of Marxism and Christianity

liberation theology

Know what has taken off during the present era of the Social Justice Gospel

cultural marxism

Know what Roger Scruton says Marxism shares with traditional religion

category of totality

know what one must pursue since there is no God in Social Justice Religion

pursue revolutionary activism

Know what is wrong with the world in Social Justice Religion

oppression of minority groups by majority groups, systematized into social structures and institutions, creating inequities and disparities in outcomes for the minority groups

Know how one achieves “salvation” in Social Justice Religion

revolution, liberation of the oppressed and redistribution of privilege

Know the view of Social Justice Religion that the oppressed have special access to knowledge

they have a different standpoint

know the term describing those who have multiple group identities

intersectionality

Know how guilt is assigned in Social Justice Religion

guilty by virtue of group membership