science multiple choice

What describes the organization within the ecosystem?

Populations make up communities which make up ecosystems.

What is the ultimate source of all of the energy in an ecosystem?

The sun.

What is an autotroph?

An organism that makes its own nutrients from inorganic molecules.

What are the stages of the water cycle?

Precipitation, condensation, and evaporation.

How is nitrogen turned from a gas in the atmosphere to usable nitrates?

By bacteria.

What is the relationship between a tapeworm and its host called?

Parasitism.

What type of relationship is exemplified when a bird nests in a tree?

Commensalism.

What kind of population growth is represented by an 's' shaped curve?

Logistical.

What is a limiting factor?

Any resource whose absence prevents a population from increasing.

Who is always at the bottom of the ecological pyramid?

Producers.

Which trophic level has the most energy available?

Producers.

What do we call the maximum number of organisms an ecosystem can support?

Carrying capacity.

What does a Punnett square show?

All possible genetic outcomes of a genetic cross.

What would the genotype be if a pure tall plant is crossed with a pure short plant?

A genotype that is different from that of both parents.

What is the phenotype of an organism?

The appearance of an organism.

What is an example of a heterozygous individual?

Gg.

What does it mean for an organism to be homozygous?

It has two identical alleles for a particular trait.

What is the probable genotype of a black rabbit that produces a white offspring?

Heterozygous.

What is Mrs. Wintjen's phenotype if she has dimples and her father does not?

Dimples.

What is the chance of a child having a recessive phenotype if one parent is homozygous dominant and the other is heterozygous?

0%.

Who does a son born with hemophilia inherit the disease from?

His mother.

What does a father contribute to all of his male children?

His Y chromosome.

What are the phenotypes of a homozygous dominant guinea pig and a heterozygous guinea pig?

Both black.

What are the probable phenotypic ratios of the F1 generation from a homozygous dominant and a heterozygous guinea pig?

100% black.

What are the probable genotypic ratios of the F1 generation from a homozygous dominant and a heterozygous guinea pig?

1 BB : 1 Bb.

What percentage of offspring will be striped if two Gg watermelon plants are crossed?

25%.

What are the chances of colorblind children if a colorblind man marries a woman heterozygous for the trait?

50% chance for all children.

What is expected in a monohybrid cross between a homozygous dominant parent and a homozygous recessive parent?

All heterozygous offspring.

What is an example of co-dominance?

A person with blood type A and a person with blood type B having a baby with blood type AB.

What does a female with the genotype XH Xh most likely have?

A father with hemophilia.

Can a man with type O blood be the father of a type B child with a woman of type AB blood?

Yes.

Why can a man with type O blood be the father of a type B child with a woman of type AB blood?

The AB mother can pass the B allele and the O father can pass the O allele.

What is NOT a gene mutation?

Inversion.

What is NEVER a frame shift mutation?

Substitution.

What will the mRNA molecule look like if the master strand of DNA has the sequence ATCGCC?

UAGCGG.

What is the organization from individual to biosphere?

Individual → Population → Community → Ecosystem → Biome → Biosphere.

How does energy move in food chains and food webs?

Energy flows from producers to consumers and decreases at each trophic level.

What are the trophic levels?

Producer (autotroph), primary consumer, secondary consumer, tertiary consumer, decomposer.

What is a decomposer?

An organism that breaks down dead organisms and waste.

What do ecological pyramids show?

The amount of energy, biomass, or number of organisms at each trophic level.

What is mutualism?

Both organisms benefit.

What is competition?

Organisms compete for the same limited resources.

What is the predator/prey relationship?

One organism hunts and eats another.

What is exponential growth?

J-shaped growth curve.

What is logistic growth?

S-shaped growth curve that levels off at carrying capacity.

What is a genotype?

The genetic makeup of an organism.

What is a pure organism?

Homozygous.

What is a hybrid organism?

Heterozygous.

What is a dominant allele?

An allele that masks the effect of another allele.

What is a recessive allele?

An allele that is expressed only when two copies are present.

What is a sex-linked characteristic?

A trait controlled by a gene located on the X chromosome.

What is a Punnett square?

A diagram used to predict possible genetic outcomes of a cross.

What does blood type O represent?

The recessive blood type allele.

What is complete dominance?

One allele completely masks another.

What is incomplete dominance?

The heterozygous phenotype is a blend of the two alleles.

What is codominance?

Both alleles are fully expressed in the phenotype.

What is a pedigree?

A chart used to trace the inheritance of traits through generations.