EMD 197 Practice NREMT

A febrile 80-year-old male complains of generalized weakness and foot pain. His left foot is swollen, red, and pus is draining from the wound. He tells you he has MRSA in the wound. His vital signs are P 108, R 22, BP 88/62, and SpO2 is 94% on room air. You should:

administer oxygen

A 25-year-old female tells you her water broke. When you examine her, you observe a greenish liquid and the neonate's head crowning. Immediately after the delivery, the male neonate is crying, has cyanotic hands and feet, and is moving all extremities. You should

dry and stimulate him

An unresponsive 10-year-old female passed out at the playground. Bystanders tell you she was acting confused before she collapsed. Her skin is pale and moist. She localizes to painful stimuli. Her vital signs are P 100, R 26, BP 114/72, and SpO2 is 98% on room air. You should suspect:

hypoglycemia

A 38-year-old female was found unresponsive in her car by her son. He tells you she overdosed on heroin, and he administered Narcan® intranasally before starting CPR four minutes ago. Upon your arrival, she starts to move. She has a carotid pulse and gasping respirations once every 15 seconds. You should next:

assist her ventilation

An unresponsive 27-year-old female vomited after she ingested a bottle of aspirin. Her skin is diaphoretic and hot. Her vital signs are P 114, R 24 and deep, BP 82/60, and SpO2 is 95% on room air. Which of the following will provide the most accurate, up-to-date information on how to manage her condition?

contacting poison control

When placing a morbidly obese patient on the stretcher, why shouldn't you place him/her supine or in full Fowler's position?

movement of the diaphragm is restricted

Why would the fontanel of an 8-month-old female who has meningitis bulge?

the ICP has increased

How do kidneys assist in buffering the PH of the blood?

they produce biocarbonate

A 91-year-old female complains of difficulty breathing. You auscultate fine crackles in her lower lungs. While assessing her lower legs, you observe large areas of dry, crusted scabs on her skin. You should administer oxygen and:

assess her vital signs

A 67-year-old female complains of crampy abdominal pain. She tells you she has diarrhea and mucus in her stool. Her vital signs are P 94, R 16, BP 136/84, and SpO2 is 96% on room air. You should:

transport her in a position of comfort

An 11-year-old male who has a history of autism has difficulty breathing. You observe intercostal retractions, and he answers basic questions. While caring for him, you should:

only preform necessary assessments and treatments

You are assessing a newborn female one minute after she was born. Her body is pink, and her extremities are blue. She has a strong cry. She has some movement of her extremities and withdraws her foot when you tap it. Her vital signs are P 168 and R 56. You should suspect she:

is healthy

A 59-year-old male complains of abdominal pain and dizziness. He tells you he had a kidney transplant six months ago. His skin is warmer than normal and diaphoretic. His abdomen is rigid, and his pain increases when you release the pressure after you palpate his abdomen. His vital signs are P 106, R 22, BP 122/90, and SpO2 is 93% on room air. You should:

adminster oxygen

A pregnant 25-year-old female tells you that she feels the baby delivering. When you examine her, you see a loop of the umbilical cord. You should administer oxygen and transport after:

inserting your fingers into her vagina and pushing the neonate off the cord.

An unresponsive 7-month-old male is found next to a bottle of his grandmother's oxycontin. There are several tablets on the floor next to him. His skin is cyanotic, and you observe occasional gasping respirations. You should suspect:

ingestion of an opioid

An 84-year-old male tells you that he is hearing and seeing demons. He has a history of schizophrenia. He denies any other complaints. His vital signs are P 64, R 12, BP 122/74, and SpO2 is 98% on room air. You should:

tell him you cannot see or hear them

A febrile 66-year-old female complains of chills and body aches. She tells you she removed a tick from her back yesterday. You observe a 3 cm circle of reddened skin that is normal in the center. You should:

assess her vital signs

What is the mechanism of action of naloxone when administered for opioid overdoses?

it antagonizes opioid effects by competing for the same receptor sites.

A 54-year-old male complains of abdominal pain. He tells you he has had generalized crampy pain and diarrhea for three days. His abdomen is soft to palpation. His vital signs are P 90, R 16, BP 142/86, and SpO2 is 96% on room air. You should suspect:

Gastroenteritis

You are called to a school for a 9-year-old male who was acting strangely. His teacher tells you that during class, he had several episodes of sitting at his desk staring into space and briefly not responding. He answers your questions correctly and tells you he does not remember the episodes. What type of seizure should you suspect?

absence

A 72-year-old male complains of pain in his back. His daughter tells you he has a history of dementia, and he is confused. You observe several half inches by four inches ecchymotic stripes across his back in various stages of healing. His daughter volunteers that the marks are shingles. You should:

ask him about the bruise while alone en route to the hospital.

An unresponsive 18-year-old female is obviously in her third trimester of pregnancy. Bystanders called when they saw her collapse and begin to have a seizure. She is no longer seizing, but she is postictal. Her face, hands, ankles, and feet appear swollen. Her abdomen is relaxed and soft to palpation. Her vital signs are P 98, R 16, BP 168/104, and SpO2 is 93% on room air. You should:

administer oxygen

As an emergency vehicle operator, to ensure that your vehicle is prepared for service at the beginning of your shift, youshould first ensure that:

no warning lights indicate a problem with oil pressure.

Which of the following is a positive method to deal with the stress associated with working in EMS?

increased exercise

An unresponsive 82-year-old male is lying in bed apneic and pulseless. His wife is sitting in a chair in the room, asking youif he is okay. She tells you she doesn't want to leave him and has a list of his medications. You should:

inform her of your findings.

At the scene of a car crash at night on a rural limited access highway, you have been directed to set up a helicopter landing zone. You should ensure the landing zone is

125 feet by 125 feet

At the beginning of your shift, you should first ensure that:

A.the onboard oxygen system is filled above 5,000 PSI.

B. the exterior of the ambulance is washed.

C. all critical supplies are present on the ambulance.

D. the off-going crew has completed their PCRs.

all critical supplies are present on the ambulance

You suspect that a 72-year-old male that you transported to the hospital has been abused. You should:

A. collect evidence at the scene and transport it with you to the hospital in a plastic bag

B. inform the receiving facility that he is being abused by his caregiver

C. report your observations to the receiving facility

D. question his caregiver about why he is being abused

report your observations to the receiving facility

You are arriving on the scene of a car crash in the left lane of a three-lane limited access highway. A fire engine is parkeddiagonally across the middle and left lane 50 feet before the crash. Where should you park your ambulance?

A. Before the fire engine in the left lane

B. Alongside the crash in the middle lane

C. Between the fire engine and the crash in the middle lane

D. After the crash in the left lane

After the crash in the left lane

Which of the following is a public health activity of an EMS system to maintain community relations?

A. Hosting a regional protocol skills review

B. Installing car seats

C. Conducting an initial EMT class

D. Participating in a disaster drill

installing car seats

As you approach your patient, you see that he is lying next to a large tank that is leaking fluid. You observe the NFPA 704 Diamond below. You should suspect that the liquid has the highest degree of hazard related to:

A. instability

B. health

C. reaction with water

D. Flammability

Instability

An unresponsive 35-year-old female was struck in the head with a softball bat. She has a four-inch laceration, and you palpate an unstable area of the occipital region. Fifteen minutes after the injury, her vital signs are P 48, R 16 and irregular, BP 216/104, and SpO2 is 94% on room air. You should suspect a:

A. closed head injury.

B. subdural hemorrhage.

C. skull fracture.

D. neurogenic shock.

skull fracture

A 5-year-old female who was only wearing a lap belt when she was involved in a car crash complains of abdominal pain. Her skin is pale and cool. The only injury you observe is a reddened three-inch wide mark across her abdomen at the level of her umbilicus. Her vital signs are P 130, R 34, BP 98/80, and SpO2 is unobtainable. Her capillary refill is three seconds. You should administer oxygen and:

A. transport her in a position of comfort.

B. keep her warm.

C. transport her in Trendelenburg position.

D. apply a pelvic binder.

keep her warm

A 16-year-old female complains of chest pain. She has a six foot long pole impaled in her fifth intercostal space, one inch lateral to the midclavicular line on the right side of her chest. You should:

A. cut the pole flush with her skin and apply an occlusive dressing.

B. remove the pole and apply an occlusive dressing.

C. stabilize the pole and place her on her right side.

D. cut the pole four inches from her chest and stabilize it.

cut the pole four inches from her chest and stabilize it.

A 60-year-old male tells you that he was sexually assaulted by a staff member where he lives. He denies any bleeding, and you do not see any blood on his undergarments. He appears frightened and tells you he doesn't want to go to the hospital. You should:

A. ask him if he has a friend who can stay home with him.

B. inspect his groin for bleeding.

C. encourage him to go to the hospital for evaluation.

D. tell him that everything will be fine and transport him.

encourage him to go to the hospital for evaluation

A 41-year-old female was stabbed in her right thigh with a screwdriver. Her skin is warm, dry, and pink. You observe blood oozing from a two-centimeter wound and feel an expanding hematoma under her skin. You should:

A. apply direct pressure to the wound.

B. pack the wound with hemostatic gauze.

C. apply a tourniquet.

D. apply a sterile dressing.

apply direct pressure

A 68-year-old male complains of pain after he slammed his right second phalange in a door. You observe bleeding and angulation of the distal tip. He has a capillary refill of two seconds. You should apply a sterile dressing and:

A. immobilize his lower arm with padded board splints.

B. tape his second and third phalanges together.

C. realign his finger and tape it to a tongue depressor.

D. wrap his fingers and wrist with an elastic dressing.

tape his second and third phalanges together

A 74-year-old male complains of upper back pain and difficulty breathing after a fall. He has pain and crepitus in the right side of his back below his scapula. He has equal chest wall expansion, and his breath sounds are diminished in the affected area. His vital signs are P 82, R 18, BP 142/92, and SpO2 is 96% on room air. You should suspect a:

A. flail segment.

B. cardiac tamponade.

C. tension pneumothorax.

D. simple pneumothorax.

simple pneumothorax

A 43-year-old female tells you that she was sexually assaulted. She complains of pain in her chest and groin from being kicked. You do not see any signs of bleeding through her outer clothing. You should listen to her lung sounds and:

A. request that a female law enforcement officer examine her for bleeding.

B. transport her to the hospital for evaluation.

C. ask her if she is bleeding.

D. expose her to examine for bleeding.

ask her if she is bleeding

An unresponsive 2-year-old male fell eight feet from a slide at a city park. You observe a hematoma to his occiput. His skin above his axilla is pale and diaphoretic, and pink and dry below. His left forearm is obviously fractured. His vital signs are P 156, R 48, and his capillary refill is less than two seconds. Prior to transport, you should administer oxygen and:

A. wait for his mother to arrive.

B. splint his arm.

C. perform a detailed assessment.

D. perform spinal motion restriction.

perform a spinal motion restriction

A 6-year-old male was thrown 10 feet after he was struck by a car. He complains of neck and back pain. The skin on his face, shoulders, and arms is pale and diaphoretic. He has no feeling below his nipple line, and his skin is warm and pink. You should suspect an injury to his:

A. cervical spine above C-4.

B. thoracic spine below T-5.

C. cervical spine below C-4.

D. thoracic spine above T-5.

thoracic spine above T-5

A 78-year-old female fell off her bicycle and struck her head. She tells you she does not remember the crash. Bystanders tell you that she was unresponsive before your arrival. While you are assessing her, she becomes unresponsive. You should suspect a(n):

A. epidural bleed.

B. subdural bleed.

C. intracerebral bleed.

D. vasovagal syncopal episode.

epidural bleed

An unresponsive 2-year-old female has burnt skin on her left hand and left knee. Her father tells you he heard a loud noise and found her this way. She has irregular, slow, shallow respirations and a rapid carotid pulse. You should first:

A. assess her vital signs.

B. administer oxygen by non-rebreather mask.

C. assist her ventilation.

D. administer oxygen by nasal cannula.

assist her ventilation

A 51-year-old male has a five-inch partial thickness laceration to his left thigh. You have applied direct pressure and controlled the hemorrhage. His vital signs are P 92, R 16, BP 132/76, and SpO2 is 95% on room air. You should:

A. administer oxygen.

B. treat for shock.

C. pack the wound with a hemostatic agent.

D. apply a sterile dressing.

apply a sterile dressing

How does compartment syndrome develop after an injury to the lower leg?

A. Swelling increases the pressure in muscle tissue which occludes normal blood flow.

B. Nerve damage from fractured bone ends causes pain and numbness.

C. Bleeding creates fluid compartments that occlude blood vessels and nerve pathways.

D. Fractured bone ends occlude normal blood flow into the lower leg.

swelling increases the pressure in the muscle tissue which occludes normal blood flow.

Penetrating injury to which of the following organs would cause peritonitis the quickest?

A. Large intestine

B. Spleen

C. Stomach

D. Liver

stomach

A 6-year-old male fell off his bicycle and cut his upper arm. His mother is holding a blood-soaked towel over the wound. When you examine the wound, you see a five-inch laceration that is spraying blood. You should immediately:

A. apply a tourniquet two inches above the laceration.

B. compress his brachial artery.

C. apply direct pressure.

D. elevate his arm above his heart.

apply direct pressure

A 71-year-old male has partial thickness flash burns to his face. He tells you he was smoking in the bathroom while on oxygen by nasal cannula when it happened. The hair in his nostrils and eyebrows is singed. While he is speaking to you, you notice his voice is becoming more hoarse. He complains that his throat is tightening, and he has trouble breathing. You should:

A. assess his vital signs.

B. transport immediately.

C. administer oxygen by non-rebreather mask.

D. administer oxygen by nasal cannula.

transport immediately

A 36-year-old female was struck by a car and thrown eight feet. She complains of pain in her left hip, and her leg is externally rotated. When you press on her iliac crests, she complains of increased pain, and you feel instability. You should suspect a(n):

A. posterior femur dislocation.

B. femur fracture.

C. pelvic fracture.

D. anterior femur dislocation.

pelvic fracture

A disoriented 19-year-old male was struck in the right temple with a golf club. You observe an expanding hematoma to the area and clear fluid draining from his ear. His vital signs are P 64, R 14, BP 192/102, and SpO2 is 94% on room air. You should:

A. apply direct pressure to the hematoma.

B. assist his ventilation at a rate of 24/minute.

C. apply a cervical collar.

D. pack his ear with gauze.

apply a cervical collar

A 91-year-old female complains of pain after she twisted her right ankle. You observe edema and ecchymosis over her lateral malleolus. The skin on her foot is pink, and she can feel you touch her toes. You should:

A. move her foot to determine the range of motion of her ankle.

B. apply a hot pack to her ankle.

C. immobilize her foot and lower leg.

D. apply an air splint.

immobilize her foot and lower leg.

An 87-year-old male complains of difficulty breathing. He tells you he fell four feet from his porch and struck his chest on a brick wall. You observe a segment of his right chest wall moves inward when he inhales. You auscultate clear lung sounds in all fields. You should:

A. immobilize him to a long backboard.

B. administer oxygen.

C. pad the flail segment with a bulky dressing.

D. assist his ventilation with a BVM.

administer oxygen

An unresponsive 78-year-old male fell down a flight of stairs. You hear snoring respirations and see uncontrolled bleeding from a laceration on his head. You should first:

A. apply a cervical collar.

B. suction his airway.

C. apply direct pressure to the laceration.

D. insert an oropharyngeal airway.

apply direct pressure to the laceration

Why can a fracture to the proximal end of a 3-year-old male's humerus be more serious than a fracture in the same location of a 33-year-old female if it is not treated properly?

A. He may have increased soft tissue injuries.

B. He may have increased hemorrhaging.

C. His arm may not grow properly.

D. His arm may be less moveable.

his arm may not grow properly.

Why would a 20-year-old male who has a regular pulse less than 50 have signs of hypoperfusion?

A. His cardiac output is too low.

B. Diastole is decreased.

C. Coronary artery filling time is reduced.

D. His atrial filling time is too long.

his cardiac output is too low

A 93-year-old female complains of a sudden onset of sweating and fatigue. She denies chest pain or difficulty breathing but tells you she feels like she is going to die. Her vital signs are P 78, R 16, BP 142/86, and SpO2 is 94% on room air. You should suspect:

A. sepsis.

B. influenza.

C. acute coronary syndrome.

D. gastroenteritis.

acute coronary syndrome

A 27-year-old female complains of palpitations and dizziness. She denies any past medical history. Her vital signs are P 188, R 18, BP 88/ 62, and SpO2 is 94% on room air. You should first:

A. administer aspirin.

B. attach the AED.

C. administer oxygen.

D. transport her.

administer oxygen

A 52-year-old female complains of waking up light-headed. Her skin is pale and diaphoretic. You auscultate clear lung sounds. Her vital signs are P 46, R 16, BP 86/58, and SpO2 is unattainable. You should:

assist with the administration of

A. nitroglycerin.

B. attach the AED.

C. administer oxygen.

D. administer aspirin.

administer oxygen

A 50-year-old male has a new onset of palpitations in his chest. He denies pain or difficulty breathing. He has a history of smoking and hypertension. You auscultate coarse crackles scattered in his lower lungs. His vital signs are P 116 and irregular, R 14, BP 148/92, and SpO2 is 95% on room air. You should:

A. administer oxygen by non-rebreather mask

B. administer oxygen by nasal cannula.

C. assist with the administration of nitroglycerin.

D. transport him.

transport him

A 51-year-old male had a near syncopal episode. He has a history of Marfan syndrome. His skin is pale and diaphoretic. His lungs are clear to auscultation. His vital signs are P 108 and irregular, R 20, BP 92/58, and SpO2 is 93% on room air. You should:

A. administer aspirin.

B. administer oxygen by non-rebreather mask

C. administer oxygen by nasal cannula.

D. place him in Trendelenburg position.

administer oxygen by nasal cannula

While you are performing chest compressions on an unresponsive 58-year-old male, he begins to cough. You should suspect:

A. bronchospasm.

B. atelectasis of the upper airways.

C. gastric distention.

D. return of spontaneous circulation.

return of spontaneous circulation

A 64-year-old male has exertional dyspnea. He tells you he has had swelling in his lower legs for the last week. You auscultate fine crackles in his lower lungs. His vital signs are P 88, R 22, BP 172/92, and SpO2 is 92% on room air. You should suspect:

A. heart failure.

B. bronchitis.

C. pneumonia.

D. exercise-induced asthma.

heart failure

A 32-year-old male complains of nearly passing out and nausea. He tells you he feels a fluttering in his chest. He has a 26 pack-year smoking history. You auscultate scattered rhonchi in the bases of his lungs. His vital signs are P 168, R 14, BP 92/58, and SpO2 is 94% on room air. You should suspect:

A. reduced cardiac output.

B. indigestion

C. respiratory failure.

D. vasovagal syncope.

reduced cardiac output

You are resuscitating an unresponsive 84-year-old female who is in cardiac arrest. Why should you wait until you see signs of life before performing a pulse check?

A. To maximize cardiac output

B. To ensure she has an adequate respiratory effort

C. To prevent increased intrathoracic pressure

D. To minimize production of oxygen free radicals

to maximize cardiac output

A 61-year-old female has tonic-clonic seizure activity that started eight minutes ago. Her husband tells you her only medical history is high blood pressure. You observe less stiffening of the muscles in her left arm and leg. You should suspect:

A. epilepsy.

B. Bell's palsy.

C. hyperglycemia.

D. stroke.

stroke

An 86-year-old female is confused and is sitting leaning to the left in a chair. You hear snoring respirations. After you reposition her, the snoring stops, and you auscultate clear lung sounds. She tries to answer your questions, but her speech is garbled. Her vital signs are P 94, R 18, BP 138/82, and SpO2 is 91% on room air. Her blood glucose level is 74 mg/dL. You should:

insert an oropharyngeal airway.

administer oral glucose.

administer oxygen.

suction her airway.

administer oxygen

A 3-year-old male was in cardiac arrest. You successfully resuscitated him, but he remains unresponsive. His vital signs are P 124, R 22, BP 94/70, and SpO2 is 100% on oxygen by non-rebreather mask. You should:

begin to cool him.

assist his ventilation.

switch to a nasal cannula.

resume chest compressions.

switch to a nasal cannula

A 39-year-old male complains of severe fatigue. He denies pain or difficulty breathing. He tells you he had myocarditis last year, and since then his heart rate has been slow. His skin is pale. His vital signs are P 54, R 16, BP 114/84, and SpO2 is 94% on room air. You should:

administer oxygen by nasal cannula.

administer aspirin.

administer oxygen by non-rebreather mask

transport him.

transport him

An unresponsive 78-year-old male was found on the tiled floor of his bathroom. His clothing is wet, and you smell urine. You do not observe chest rise or feel a pulse. His skin is cyanotic. His hands and feet are cold to the touch. His core is warm. You should suspect:

cardiac arrest and begin chest compressions.

death, attach the AED and analyze his rhythm.

severe hypothermia and attach the AED.

moderate hypothermia and ventilate him.

cardiac arrest and begin chest compressions

An 81-year-old male is experiencing chest pain. He has no signs of dyspnea or shock. Why should you target oxygen administration to a SpO2 between 94%-99%?

To reduce production of free-radicals

To reduce platelet aggregation

To increase carbon dioxide removal

To increase vasodilation

to reduce production of free radicals.

You are resuscitating an 81-year-old female who is in cardiac arrest. Why is it important that you maximize the time you are compressing her chest?

It reduces rescuer fatigue.

It improves resuscitation outcomes.

It improves alveolar ventilation.

It reduces intrathoracic pressure.

it improves resuscitation outcomes

An 84-year-old male complains of pain in the left side of his chest that woke him up. He has a history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia. He rates the pain 6 of 10. There is no change in the pain with deep inspiration. You auscultate fine crackles in his lower lung fields. His vital signs are P 88, R 16, BP 148/78, and SpO2 is 95% on room air. You should suspect:

acute coronary syndrome.

emphysema.

respiratory distress.

costochondritis.

acute coronary syndrome

A 45-year-old male complains of a sudden onset of a severe headache. He tells you it started 15 minutes ago. He is unable to hold his right arm outstretched while you assess him. His vital signs are P 68, R 14, BP 132/76, and SpO2 is 97% on room air. His blood glucose level is 71 mg/dL. You should transport him and:

administer oral glucose.

notify the receiving hospital of your findings.

administer aspirin.

administer oxygen.

notify the receiving hospital of your findings.

A 56-year-old male complains of a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. He has a history of heart problems and high blood pressure. You auscultate fine crackles in the bases of his lungs. His vital signs are P 98, R 18, BP 154/88, and SpO2 is 95% on room air. You should suspect:

pulmonary edema.

decreased pulmonary interstitial fluid.

chemical pneumonitis.

bronchiolitis

pulmonary edema

You are resuscitating a 45-year-old male who is in cardiac arrest. Your partners are performing chest compressions and operating the AED. You are ventilating him with a BVM and leading the team. When should you check for a pulse?

After the AED announces, "No shock advised"

After administering two breaths

After you observe he is breathing on his own

After two minutes of chest compressions

after you observe him breathing on his own

An unresponsive 91-year-old male was found outside on a cold night. He was in cardiac arrest, so you began chest compressions. His extremities are cold, but his abdomen is warm. The AED indicates that shock is advised. You should:

withhold defibrillation and move him into the ambulance.

withhold defibrillation and actively rewarm him.

defibrillate him and resume chest compressions.

defibrillate him and ventilate him.

defibrillate him and resume chest compressions

You are resuscitating an 84-year-old male who is in cardiac arrest. Why is it important that you allow his chest to fully recoil while performing chest compressions?

It helps decrease rescuer fatigue.

It helps improve blood flow to the heart.

It helps decrease electrical impedance across the chest.

It helps improve exhalation.

it helps improve blood flow to the heart

A confused 60-year-old female is having an asthma attack. She is unable to sit upright and keeps leaning to the side. Her chest is silent on auscultation. She is tachypneic and tachycardic. You should:

assist her ventilation.

administer her albuterol inhaler.

assess her vital signs.

administer oxygen by non-rebreather mask.

assist her ventilation

A 16-year-old female complains of a runny nose and a low-grade fever. She has a burst of rapid coughing with an inspiratory whooping sound. While she is coughing her skin becomes cyanotic. After she stops coughing her skin color returns to normal. You should suspect:

pneumonia

pertussis

rubella

tuberculosis

pertussis

A 64-year-old male is having an asthma attack. Which class of medication can help improve his alveolar ventilation?

Beta2 agonist

Beta1 antagonist

Beta1 agonist

Beta2 antagonist

beta 2 agonist

A 7-year-old male who has had a cold for a week tells you that he can't breathe. He has had a nonproductive cough for a day, and he is lying on his right side in the fetal position. His skin feels hot to the touch. He has a history of asthma, and you auscultate rhonchi in his right chest. His vital signs are P 118, R 24, BP 82/64, and SpO2 is 91% on room air. You should:

assist his ventilation.

administer oxygen.

place him in Fowler's position.

assist with the administration of his MDI.

administer oxygen

A 69-year-old male has severe difficulty breathing. He states, "Help, I...can't breathe!" He is sitting upright, and you see accessory muscle use. You auscultate wheezes in his upper chest, and no sounds in his lower chest. He denies a cough and indicates that this episode just started 30 minutes ago. You should suspect:

chronic bronchitis.

congestive heart failure.

asthma.

acute respiratory distress syndrome.

asthma

Why do you hear rales when you auscultate the lungs of a patient who has pulmonary edema?

Air trapped by bronchoconstriction is escaping the alveoli.

The terminal airways pop open with each inspiration.

Mucus plugs and inflammation decrease the diameter of the bronchioles, causing turbulence

Inflammation and pus cause turbulence as air fills the alveoli.

the terminal airways pop open with each inspiration.

An unresponsive 76-year-old female is lying in bed, and you hear snoring respirations. What should you suspect is partially occluding her airway?

Her tongue

Liquid

Food

Laryngotracheobronchitis

her tongue

A 63-year-old male complains of shortness of breath. His skin is cyanotic, and you auscultate wheezes in all lung fields. His vital signs are P 72, R 26, BP 142/88, and SpO2 is 92% on room air. You should suspect:

increased capillary shunting.

decreased cardiac output.

increased cell membrane permeability.

decreased alveolar ventilation.

decreased alveolar ventilation

An unresponsive 71-year-old male has difficulty breathing. His wife tells you he has had the flu for five days. His skin is pale and diaphoretic. You observe accessory muscle use and auscultate rhonchi and crackles on his left side. His vital signs are P 110, R 26 and shallow, BP 96/64, and SpO2 is 89% on room air. You should:

administer oxygen by non-rebreather mask

administer oxygen by nasal cannula

suction his airway

assist his ventilation

assist his ventilation

An unresponsive 94-year-old female was found by her husband in bed. He tells you that she has a history of diabetes. You do not observe chest rise or air movement, but she has a pulse. You should first:

assess her blood glucose level.

assess her vital signs.

ventilate her with a BVM.

administer oxygen by non-rebreather mask.

ventilate her with a bvm

A 34-year-old female was rescued from a house fire. She complains of difficulty breathing. You do not observe any burns to her face or singed hair, but she is coughing up black tinged phlegm. You should suspect:

smoke inhalation

lower airway burns

upper airway burns

a low SpO2 reading

smoke inhalation

A 59-year-old female was working on a boiler when it vented super-heated air into her face. You see partial thickness burns to her face, and she tells you her throat is swelling up. You auscultate stridor in her upper airway. You should immediately:

transport her

assess her vital signs

apply a cold pack to her face

administer oxygen

transport her

You are assisting the ventilation of a 17-year-old male who had a severe asthma attack. When your partner reassesses the patient's vital signs, there is a significant reduction in his blood pressure. Which of the following is the likely cause?

Decreased V/Q mismatch

Decreased hypoxia

Increased intrathoracic pressure

Increased preload

increased intrathoracic pressure

Which of the following sounds indicates an upper airway obstruction in a child who is in respiratory distress?

Rales

Wheezes

Stridor

Rhonchi

stridor

A 65-year-old male who has a history of congestive heart failure is slumped in a chair not responding to you. His wife tells you that his difficulty breathing started an hour ago and has been getting worse. He is tachypneic, and you auscultate rales in all fields. You should first:

assist his ventilation

administer oxygen by non-rebreather mask

apply CPAP

assess his vital signs

assist his ventilation

A 23-year-old female was rescued from a house fire. She is coughing up black phlegm and complains of difficulty breathing. You should suspect she inhaled which of the following gases that is difficult for the body to compensate for and can be toxic?

Carbon dioxide

Cyanide

Nitrogen

Argon

cyanide

A 47-year-old male complains of a sore throat and drooling. He tells you that it is too painful to swallow. He has a history of cancer and is receiving chemotherapy. You auscultate stridor in his upper airway. When transporting him to the hospital, you should:

suction his airway.

visualize his upper airway.

place him in his position of comfort.

insert a nasopharyngeal airway.

place him in his position of comfort

A 47-year-old male complains of difficulty breathing, and he cannot stop coughing. His conjunctivae are pale and moist. He has a 40 pack-year smoking history. You should first:

administer oxygen

assess his vital signs

collect a sample of his phlegm

determine his past medical history

administer oxygen

A 24-year-old male complains of difficulty breathing. He is sitting in a chair leaning forward. He tells you that he was exercising when it started. His lung sounds are clear but diminished in the bases bilaterally. His vital signs are P 92, R 22, BP 132/90, and SpO2 is 93% on room air. You should suspect:

spontaneous pneumothorax

respiratory failure

respiratory distress

tension pneumothorax

respiratory distress

Bystanders tell you that an unresponsive 22-year-old male fell 10 feet off a ladder and landed head first. You hear irregular, gasping respirations and palpate a carotid pulse. You should first:

perform a jaw-thrust maneuver

apply a cervical collar

insert a nasopharyngeal airway

assess his vital signs

perform a jaw thrust maneuver

An 86-year-old female who has a history of emphysema complains of chest pain. Her initial SpO2 was 92% on home oxygen by nasal cannula, 3 L/minute. You administered oxygen by non-rebreather, 12 L/minute. Her SpO2 is now 100%, and her chest pain is resolved after aspirin and nitroglycerin administration. You should next:

discontinue oxygen administration.

switch to a simple face mask.

decrease the flow rate to 6 L/minute.

transport her.

switch to a simple face mask

You are preparing to ventilate an 11-month-old female with a BVM. Which of the following ensures that her airway is properly positioned?

Inserting a nasopharyngeal airway

Placing her in the sniffing position

Padding behind her shoulders

Using cricoid pressure while ventilating her

place her in the sniffing position