taxes and kinesis

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Last updated 6:29 PM on 6/11/26
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7 Terms

1
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stimulus

detectable change in environment

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Why is it important that organisms can respond to stimuli?

Organisms increase their chance of survival by responding to stimuli. (i.e. through different response mechanisms: taxes, kinesis)

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taxes

  • directional response

  • organism moves towards / away from directional stimulus (towards → positive taxis) (away → negative taxis)

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benefits of negative phototaxis

  • avoids predators

  • in soil e.g. avoids dehydration, locate food

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kinesis

  • non directional response

  • speed of movement or rate of direction changes in response to a non directional stimulus

  • depends on intensity of stimulus

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protective effect of a simple reflex

  1. rapid: only 3 neurones and few synapses

  2. autonomic: doesn’t involve brain, doesn’t need to be learnt

  3. protects from stimuli e.g. escape predators, prevent damage to tissues

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kinesis example

  • area with beneficial stimuli → area of harmful stimuli: kinesis response increases

  • organism increases rate it changes direction (turning) in order to find favourable environment

  • if surrounded by negative stimuli: rate of turning decreases to keep it moving in a straight line to increase the chances of it finding a new location with favourable conditions.