BOT401_Exam2

Quercus macrocarpa (Fragaceae) - bur oak

• no bristle tips of lobes

• sessile stigmas

• lobes at bas deep, lobes at tip shallow

Species

Betula papyrifera (Betulaceae) - paper birch

• flaky, light colored bark

• highly serrate leaves

• winged nuts

Species

Lythrum (Lythraceae) - loosestrife

• red stem with edges

• 6-merous purple-ish flowers

• opposite decussate leaves

Genus

Oenothera biennis (Onagraceae) - evening primrose

• opposite leaves

• showy styles that splits into 4

• dehiscent fruit

Species

Ostrya virginiana (Betulaceae) - ironwood

• highly serrate

• hope-like catkins

• alternate leaf

Species

Geranium maculatum (Geraniaceae) - wild geranium

• palmate leaves with lobes at tips

• 5-merous flower

• hairs

Species

Staphylea (Staphyleaceae) - bladder-nut

• trifoliate leaves

• seeds papery

• clustered bell-shaped flowers

• small tree with striped bark

Genus

Oxalis (Oxalidaceae) - wood-sorel

• oblong seed pod

• trifoliate opordate leaves

• basal rosette

• oxalic acid

Genus

Epilobium (Onagraceae) - willow-herb, fireweed

• willow-like

• opposite leaves

• flowers from axils with long hypanthium

Genus

Carya (Juglandaceae) - hickory

• distinctly shaggy bark that splits vertically

• pinnately compound

• round, fat, shiny buds

• leathery drupe-like nut

Genus

Hesperis matronalis (Brassicaceae) - Dame’s rocket

• alternate toothed leaves

• showy 4-merous flower

Species

Acer negundo (Sapindaceae) - box elder

• compound maple with 3-5 leaflets

• alternate

• diecious

Species

Rhus glabra (Anacardiaceae) - smooth sumac

• compound, alternate

• yellow-green flower in pannicle inflorescense

• hair covered drupe

Species

Toxicodendron radicans (Anacardiaceae) - poison ivy

• woody vine that climbs via hairs

• 5-merous with drupe in raceme

• acute point with asymmetrical large teeth

• highly toxic

Species

Acer saccharum (Sapindaceae) - sugar maple

• simple palmately lobed with u-shaped sinus

• milky, clear, sweet sap

Species

Tilia americana (Malvaceae) - basswood

• large alternate cordate serrate leaves with asymmetric base

• fibrous bark

Species

Alliaria (Brassicaceae) - garlic mustard

• basal reinform leaves

• cauline triangular serrate leaves

• white flowers

• biennial

Genus

Cardamine (Brassicaceae) - spring cress

• highly divided lobed, toothed leaves

• spring ephemeral

• 4-merous

Genus

Zanthoxylum (Rutacea) - prickly-ash

• thorns

• pinnately compound leaves

• flowers before leaves (flowers and buds)

Genus

Malva (Malvaceae) - mallow

• 5-merous

• palmate veined, rounded serrate leaves

• hairs

Genus

Vaccinium angustifolium (Ericaceae) - common blueberry

• thick, leathery leaves with enrolled margins

• hairs

• fruit with crown (inferior ovary)

Species

Gaylussacia baccata (Ericaceae) - huckleberry

• resin dots

• leathery leaves

Species

Cornus foemina (Cornaceae) - gray dogwood

• threads between broken leaf halves

Species

Polemonium neptans (Polemoniaceae) - Jacob’s-ladder

• floral tube

Species

Sarracenia purpurea (Sarraceniaceae) - pitcher plant

Species

Primula meadia (Primulaceae) - shooting-star

• basal, entire obovate leaves

• pendulate 5-merous flower with reflexed petals on a long spike

Species

Monotropa (Ericaceae) - ghost pipe

Genus

Pyrola (Ericaceae) - wintergreen

• evergreen herb

• obovate shiny leave on long petiole

• curving stigma on a tall raceme

Genus

Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) - touch-me-not, jewelweed

• explosive seed pod

• nectar spur

• “juicy”

Genus

Phlox (Polemoniaceae) - phlox

• opposite simple ovate leaves

• fused corolla tube

Genus

Asclepics syriaea (Apocynaceae) - common milkweed

Species

Galium aparine (Rubiaceae) - annual bedstraw

• whorled leaves

• stems in velcro-like prickles

• stems climb on other plants

Species

Convolvulus arvensis (Convolvulaceae) - field bindweed

• twining vine

• fused corolla

• leaf flanges at base

Species

Gentiana andrewsii (Gentianaceae) - bottle gentian

• opposite glossy leaves

• flowers never fully open

Species

Hydrophyllum virgininianum (Boraginaceae) - waterleaf

• light spots on pinnate leaves

• one-sided cyme (spiral inflorescence)

• hairy

Species

Apocynum androsaemilfolium (Apocynaceae) - spreading dogbane

• opposite, round ovate entire leaves

• top of leaf dark green and paler underneath

• 5-merous regular flower shape

• follicles with coma for wind dispersal

Species

Cuscuta (Convolvulaceae) - dodder

• fine vining stems (string-like)

• no leaves, completely parasitic

• tiny flowers

Genus

Solanum (Solanaceae) - nightshade

• variable leaves with flanges

• cone shaped A

• reflexed petals

• red, juicy, toxic berries

Genus

Lithospermum (Boraginaceae) - gromwell

• hairs

• alternate leaf

• 5-merous flower with bract

Genus

Mertensia (Borginaceae) - blue-bell

• fused corolla tubes

• large entire leaves

• one-sided spiral cyme

Genus

Nepeta cataria (Lamiaceae) - catnip

• net-veined, serrate

Species

Pedicularis canadensis (Orobanchaceae) - lousewort

• hemi-parasitic

• basal highly lobed/serrate (fern-like) leaves

• cone-shaped inflorescence

Species

Fraxinus pennsylvanica (Oleaceae) - green ash

• compound leaf tree

• samara

Species

Monarda fistulosa (Lamiaceae) - wild bergamot

• opposite leaf with dark-purple underside

• purple-red stem

• rounded inflorescence head

• bracts

• aromatic

Species

Prunella vulgaris (Lamiaceae) - self-heal

• opposite leaf

• purple inflorescence with fringed lower petal lip

• square stem

Species

Castilleja coccinea (Orobanchaceae) - paintbrush

• bright red-tipped showy bracts

• small opposite leaves

• hemi-parasitic

Species

Verbena (Verbenaceae) - vervain

• slightly woody

• corolla fusion

• linear upright inflorescences indeterminate

• slightly square stems

• serrate/toothed opposite leaves

• hairy

Genus

Plantago (Plantaginaceae) - plantain

• large-leaf pondweed-like leaves with longer leafed petiole

• basal rosette

• tall inflorescences

Genus

Conopholis (Orobanchaceae) - cancer-root, bear-corn

• non-photosynthetic bracts or leaves

• only is aboveground when flowering

• holoparasitic

Genus

Utricularia (Lentibulariacea) - bladderwort

Genus

Daucus carota (Apiaceae) - wild carrot, Queen Anne’s lace

• compound umble

• hairs

Species

Aralia nudicaulis (Araliaceae) - wild sarsaparilla

• “naked stem”

• 3-umbled spherical inflorescence

• compound leaf

Species

Uburnum lentago (Adoxaceae) - nannyberry

• opposite leaves

• blue/black berries

• serrate leaves

Species

Sambucus canadensis (Adoxaceae) - common elderberry

• flat-topped umbel

• salt-like spots on park

• pinnately compound opposite leaves

Species

Osmorphiza claytonii (Apiaceae) - hairy sweet cicely

• hairy

• pinnately compound

• smaller umbels

• sweet smelling roots

Species

Panax quinquefolius (Araliaceae) - American ginseng

• palmately compound with outside leaflets smaller

• spherical umbel

• narrow leaf tip

• toothed

Species

Lonicera x bella (Caprifoliaceae) - hybrid honeysuckle

• invasive

• compound opposite, ovate, rounded and fuzzy

• lighter color on leaf backside

• tube-like flowers in pairs at axils

• bark flakes apart vertically

Species

Sanicula (Apiaceae) - black snakeroot

• palmately compound

• distinctly toothed

• small spherical umbels

• bristly fruit

Genus

Diervilla (Caprifoliaceae) - bush-huneysuckle

• elongate toothed leaves

• small deciduous shrub

• asexual reproduction via rhizomes and sexual reproduction

Genus

Linneae (Caprifoliaceae) - twinflower

• bell-shaped flowers in pairs with long styles

• crawling shrub

• opposite with small rounded teeth

Genus

Campanula rapunculoides (Campanulaceae) - creeping bellflower

• alternate upright herb

• ovate with teeth

• down-facing bright blue flower cup

• invasive

Species

Lobelia siphilitica (Campanulaceae) - great blue lobelia

• simple alternate toothed leaves

• upright flowers

Species

Achillea millefolium (Asteraceae: Anthemideae) - yarrow

• many small heads of inflorescences

• radiate

• feathery fern-like leaves

Species

Coreopsis palmata (Asteraceae: Heliantheae) - prairie tickseed

• radiate flowers

• opposite tri-lobed leaves

Species

Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (Asteraceae) - New England aster

• radiate heads

• variable leaves

Species

Packera paupercula (Asteraceae: Senecioneae) - balsam ragwort

• round basal with divided cauline leaves

• tube flower

Species

Hieracium aurantiacum (Asteraceae) - orange hawkweed

• very hairy

• basal ovate leaves

• one flower stalk

Species

Antennaria (Asteraceae) - pussy-toes

• white fuzzy inflorescences

• silver hairy leaf backs

• basal spoon-shaped leaves

Genus

Helianthus (Asteraceae) - sunflower

• radiate

• rough leaf and stem texture

• long pointed leaves

Genus

Solidago (Asteraceae) - goldenrod

• toothed and rough leaves

• cone-like inflorescence of heads

Genus

Arisaema triphyllum (Araceae) - Jack-in-the-pulpit

Species

Erythronium albidum (Liliaceae) - white trout-lily

• obovate or fish-shaped modeled leaves

• down hanging flower with reflexed petals

Species

Symplocarpus foetidus (Araceae) - skunk cabbage

• large, entire, simple leaves

• rosettes

• bad smell

• red modeled spathe

Species

Trillium grandiflorum (Melanthiaceae) - big white trillium

• 3-merous flower with highly differentiated petals and sepals

• 3 leaves with net veins

Species

Maianthemum canadense (Asparagaceae) - Canaday mayflower

• linear raceme

• sessile cordate leaves

• showy white flowers

• rhizomal

Species

Uvularia (Colchicaceae) - bellwort

• arching stem where flower hangs down from

• hypogenous with cream/yellow floral cup

• lacunar leaves

Genus

Sagittaria (Alismataceae) - arrowhead

• aquatic emergent

Genus

Iris (Iridaceae) - blue-flag iris

• fan of flat parallel-veined leaves

• tepas in falls (hang down) and standards (upright)

Genus

Sisyrinchium (Iridaceae) - blue-eyed grass

• grass-like leaves with iris flowers

• hypogenous 3-merous flowers

Genus

Goodyera (Orchidaceae) - rattlesnake plantain

• basal rosette

• light colored net-veins

• tall inflorescence spike with small white orchid flowers

Genus

Dichanthelium (Poaceae) - panic grass

• tiny spikelets with leaves on the spike

• hairy

• blooms in spring and fall

Species

Dactylis (Poaceae) - orchard grass

• branching spike

• spikelets blobs

Species

Phalaris arundinaceae (Poaceae) - reed canary grass

• invasive

• tall upright leaves

• elongate and compressed inflorescence

Species

Carex pennsylvanica (Cyperaceae, Carex) - Pennsylvania sedge

• triangular stem

• separate unisexual spikelets on the same spikes

Species

Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (Cyperaceae) - soft-stemmed bulrush

• round

• drupes

• perigynium

Species

Dioscorea villosa (Dioscoreaceae) - wild yam

• entire cordate net-veined leaves

• 3-winged fruit

• vine

Species

Tradescantia ohiensis (Commelinaceae) - common spiderwort

• long bracts

• hairs at leaf-sheath and blade

• stems and leaves glaucous silver/grey

• “spidery” cluster of flowers in spathe-like bract

Species

Smilax (Smilacaceae) - carrion-flower

• spiny

• vine with tendrils at nodes

• broad net-veined leaves

• carrion-scented flowers

Genus

Typha (Typhaceae) - cattail

• emergent aquatic

Genus

Juncus (Juncaceae) - rush

• round with a pith

• tiny tulip-like flowers

Genus