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Carbocation stability? Why?
Higher-order carbocations are more stable because they have more electron-donating alkyl groups. These groups have a positive inductive effect that spreads out (stabilises) the positive charge.



Ester formed from -COOH and -OH, where does the full -OH drop out from?


Ethane reacts with chlorine under UV light. One of the termination steps produces butane.
(a) Write the equation for the termination step that produces butane. [1]





Define electronegativity.
What factors influence it?





