QUIZ 1 DIV OF LIFE 2

SPRING 2026 SUNY ESF

similarities in the external appearance of some organisms is a function of their similar habitats/lifestyles. what type of structures are these and where did they come from?

these are analogous structures and they arose from convergent evolution rather than a recent shared ancestry

what are the 4 primary sources of phylogenetic information used for grouping organisms

1. comparative morphology

2. comparative cytology

3. comparative embryology

4. comparative biochemistry

who championed and carried out groundbreaking research intro the Endosymbiotic Theory?

Lynn Margulis

who is the father of microbiology?

Anton van Louvenhouk

a clade that contains an ancestral species and some, but not all, of the descendants is

paraphyletic

why is developing a vaccine for flu so problematic every year?

Antigenic Shifts

• changes in the antigens/ proteins on the outside of the influenza virus

• and result in the immune system not being able to recognize a pathogen when it is encountered again

• ie antibodies produced by previous exposures are not effective

what cycle of viral reproduction is where the genome incorporates into the host’s genome?

the lysogenic

the lysogenic cycle of a viral reproduction can cause a change in phenotype, this is called a

phage conversation

describe an example of phage conversion

with Vibrio cholera and production of cholera toxin

what is the most commo bacterial disease of humans?

dental caries

what causes dental caries?

Streptococcus mutans or sabrinus

research indicates eukaryotes may be nested within what clade and within what domain?

the Asgard clade within the Domain Archaea

what are a bacterial cell structure targeted by some antibiotics that results in blocking protein synthesis, but not the same structures found in eukaryotes (ie it wont work against protistan diseases— nor against viruses)

ribosomes