Green crime

Traditional green crime- Situ and Emmons

Traditional green crime: Situ and Emmons- environmental crime as an unauthorised act or omission that violates law

Transgressive green crime- white

Transgressive green crime- White- any action that harms the physical environ and any creatures that live within it even if no law has technically been broken 

• ecocentric and anthropocentrism

2 types of green crime - white

2 types of green crime: White 

Anthropocentrism- humans have the right to dominate nature for their own ends (MNCS)

Ecocentric : view sees humans and the environ as interdependent- harming the environ ultimately harms humans ( green criminology) 

Primary green crime - SOUTH

Primary green crime: crimes that result directly from the destruction and degraditution of the earths resources. South identifies 4 main types of primary crime:

crimes of air pollution, deforestation, species decline and animal abuse, crimes of water pollution

Secondary green crime- SOUTH

Secondary green crimes: crime that grows out of flouting rules aimed at preventing or regulating environmental disasters e.g gov break their own regualtions

SOuth suggests 2 examples of secondary crimes:

• state violence against oppositional groups

• Hazardous waste and organised crime- disposal of toxic waste from chemical, nuclear and other industries is highly profitable

Beck global risk society

Beck- global risk society: argues in today’s late modern society we can now provide adequate resources for all. However the massive increase in productivity and tech that sustains it have created new manufactured risks dangers we have never faced before- money of these risks involve harm to environ and consequences for humanity, such as global warming due to greenhouse gases 

Climate change many of these risks are global rather than local leading to global risk society 

Marxist view

Marxist view: 

approach is like the Marxist view of 'crimes of the powerful. Marxists argue that the capitalist class are able to shape the law and define crime so that their own exploitative activities are not criminalised or, where they are, to ensure that powerful interests, especially nation-states and transnational enforcement is weak. Similarly, green criminologists argue that powerful interest are able to define in their own interest what counts as unacceptable environ harm 

Wolf

Those inndevloping world, poor and BAME are much more likely to be victims of environmental crime due to inability to move from areas where environmental crime takes place