delete

Muscles

Primary structure that comprises the muscular system.

duct/o

to bring

extens/o

to stretch out

fibr/o

fibers

flex/o

bend

kinesi/o; -kinesia

movement

fasci/o

fibrous band

my/o; muscul/o; myos/o

muscle

ten/o; tendin/o; tend/o

tendon

plant/o

sole of foot

rotat/o

to revolve

vers/o

to turn

dors/o

back of body

ab-

away from

ad-

toward

circum-

around

e-

outward

-asthenia

weakness

-ion

action

-tonia

tone

-trophic

pertaining to development

Muscles

Bundles, sheets, or rings of tissue that produce movement by contracting and pulling on the structures to which they are attached.

mus or little mouse

The term muscle is the diminutive form of the Latin word "_____" or "_____." This is thought to describe how the skin ripples when a muscle contracts.

400 skeletal muscles

The human body has more than _____ skeletal muscles.

50%

The human body has more than 400 skeletal muscles, which account for almost _____% of the body's weight.

Skeletal; Smooth; Cardiac

Enumerate three (3) types of muscle tissues:

Muscle tissue

Either voluntary or involuntary.

Voluntary muscles

Those muscles for which a person consciously chooses to contract and for how long and how hard to contract them.

Voluntary muscles

Skeletal muscles of arm and leg are considered _____ muscles.

Involuntary muscles

The muscles under the control of the subconscious regions of the brain.

Involuntary muscles

Smooth muscles found in internal organs and cardiac muscles are considered _____ muscles.

Skeletal muscle

It is directly or indirectly attached to a bone and produces voluntary movement of the skeleton.

Striated muscle

A skeletal muscle is also referred to as _____ because of its striped appearance under the microscope.

Fascia

Each muscle is wrapped in layers of fibrous connective tissue called _____.

Fascia

The _____ tapers at each end of a skeletal muscle to form a very strong tendon. The tendon then inserts into the periosteum covering a bone to anchor the muscle to the bone.

Motor neurons

Skeletal muscles are stimulated by _____ of the nervous system.

Myoneural junction

The point at which the motor nerve contacts a muscle fiber is called the _____.

Smooth muscle

Found in association with internal organs.

Visceral muscle

Smooth muscle is also known as _____.

Smooth muscle

Its name refers to the muscle's microscopic appearance.

Smooth muscle

It lacks the striations of skeletal muscle.

Smooth muscle

Found in the walls of the hollow organs, such as the stomach, tube-shaped organs, such as the respiratory airways, and blood vessels.

Smooth muscle

It is responsible for the involuntary muscle action associated with movement of the internal organs, such as churning food, constricting a blood vessel, and uterine contractions.

Cardiac muscle

Muscle that makes up the wall of the heart.

Myocardium

Cardiac muscle is also known as _____.

Equally

Skeletal muscles are attached to two different bones and overlap a joint. When a muscle contracts, the two bones move, but not usually _____.

Origin

The less movable of the two bones is considered to be the starting point of the muscle.

Insertion

The more movable bone is considered to be where the muscle ends.

Action

The type of movement a muscle produces.

Antagonistic pairs

Muscles are often arranged around joints in _____, meaning that they produce opposite actions.

Abduction

Movement away from midline of the body.

Adduction

Movement toward midline of the body.

Flexion

Act of bending or being bent.

Extension

Movement that brings the limbs into or towards a straight condition.

Dorsiflexion

Backward bending, as of hand and foot.

Plantar flexion

Bending sole of foot; pointing toes downward.

Eversion

Turning outward.

Inversion

Turning inward.

Pronation

To turn downward or backward as with the hand or foot.

Supination

Turning the palm or foot upward.

Elevation

To raise a body part, as in shrugging the shoulders.

Depression

A downward movement, as in dropping the shoulders.

Circumduction

Movement in a circular direction from a central point as if drawing a large, imaginary circle in the air.

Opposition

Moving thumb away from palm; the ability to move the thumb into contact with the other fingers.

Reposition

Moving to its normal location or other suitable location all or a portion of a body part.

Rotation

Moving around a central axis.

Anatomical positions

Standard body orientations used in anatomy to describe the location of structures.

Anatomical positions

Reference position used in anatomy.

Sagittal plane

Coronal plane

Transverse plane

Anatomical directions

Standard terms used to describe the location of body parts relative to each other when the body is in the anatomical position.

Anterior

Toward the front of the body.

e.g., "The chest is _____ to the spine."

Ventral

Another term for "anterior."

Posterior

Toward the back of the body.

e.g., The spine is _____ to the chest.

Dorsal

Another term for "posterior."

Superior

Toward the head or upper part of the body.

e.g., The head is _____ to the neck.

Cranial

Another term for "superior."

Inferior

Toward the feet or lower part of the body.

e.g., The stomach is _____ to the heart.

Caudal

Another term for "inferior."

Medial

Toward the midline of the body.

e.g., The nose is _____ to the eyes.

Lateral

Away from the midline of the body.

e.g., The ears are _____ to the eyes.

Proximal

Closer to the point of attachment or the trunk.

e.g., The elbow is _____ to the wrist.

Distal

Farther from the point of attachment or trunk.

e.g., The fingers are _____ to the wrist.

Trunk

Torso of the body.

Supine

The body is lying on the back.

Supine

Characteristics of a _____ position include:

- Face upward

- Back touching the surface

- Arms may be at the side or slightly away from the body

Supine

This position is commonly used in medical examinations and surgeries.

Prone

The body is lying face down.

Prone

Characteristics of a _____ position include:

- Face toward the ground

- Chest and abdomen touching the surface

- Back facing upward

Prone

This position is used in some medical treatments and physical therapy.

Lateral

The body is lying on one side.

Lateral

Characteristics of a _____ position include:

- Right or left side touching the surface

- Head supported by a pillow or arm

- Legs may be slightly bent

Lateral

This position is commonly used in resting, recovery, and certain medical procedures.

Right Lateral Recumbent

Left Lateral Recumbent