Civil Rights Movement

Brown v Board of Education

1954 - The Supreme Court overruled Plessy v. Ferguson, declared that racially segregated facilities are inherently unequal and ordered all public schools desegregated.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin

CORE

Congress of Racial Equality

de facto segregation

Segregation resulting from economic or social conditions or personal choice.

de jure segregation

Racial segregation that is required by law

Dwight D. Eisenhower

leader of the Allied forces in Europe then was elected to be Pres. of the USA

Emmett Till

A 14 year old black boy murdered in 1955 for whistling at a white woman by her husband and his friends. They kidnapped him and brutally killed him. his death led to the American Civil Rights movement.

Equal Opportunity Commission

responsible for the "fair and equitable treatment of employees"

Freedom Rides

(1961) event organized by CORE and SNCC in which an interracial group of civil rights activists tested southern states' compliance to the Supreme Court ban of segregation on interstate buses

Freedom Summer

(1964) effort to register African American voters in Mississippi

Governor Orval Faubus

The governor of Arkansas who sent the national guard to keep black students out of a school in Little Rock, Arkansas

Greensboro Four

College Students that sat at a segregated lunch counter and refused to get up

Jim Crow

Laws designed to enforce segregation of black people from white people

John F. Kennedy

President during 1961-1963, Democrat and in favor of desegregation

Little Rock Nine

A group of 9 students who were enrolled in a white high school on the basis of being black, were harassed by an angry mob

March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom

August 28, 1963, rally by civil rights organizations in Washington, D.C., that brought increased national attention to the movement.

Malcolm X

Black Muslim who argued for separation, not integration. Believed in self-defense and change by all means necessary (including violence). He changed his views, but was assassinated in 1965. Named X to signify the loss of his African heritage.

Martin Luther King Jr.

U.S. Baptist minister and civil rights leader. A noted orator, he opposed discrimination against blacks by organizing nonviolent resistance and peaceful mass demonstrations. Nobel Peace Prize (1964)

Montgomery Bus Boycott

In 1955, after Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a city bus, Dr. Martin L. King led a boycott of city busses. After 11 months the Supreme Court ruled that segregation of public transportation was illegal.

NAACP

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

Plessy v Ferguson

a 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal

Rosa Parks

United States civil rights leader who refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man in Montgomery (Alabama) and so triggered the national civil rights movement (born in 1913)

SCLC

Southern Christian Leadership Conference, the president was MLK jr.

Selma March

Protest to register African American voters in the South, violence against protesters

sit-in

nonviolent protests in which a person sits and refuses to leave

SNCC

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, organized sit-ins at lunch counters and successfully protested against segregation

Thurgood Marshall

American civil rights lawyer, first black justice on the Supreme Court of the United States

Voting Rights Act of 1965

a law designed to help end formal and informal barriers to African-American suffrage

Order of Civil Rights Events

1954 - Brown v. Board (NAACP) * E. Till

1955 - Bus Boycott (SCLC)

1957 - Little Rock 9 (NAACP)

1960 - Greensboro 4 (NC)

1961 - Freedom Rides (1961)

1963 - Children's March

1964 - Freedom Summer (Voting Rights Act)

1965 - Equal Opportunity Commission