Prac Material

What is an example of a highly modified but recovering system within the Otago Harbor

Anderson’s Bay Inlet

Characteristics of Anderson’s Bay Inlet

Has artificial rock walls around the edge, is mostly cut off from the harbor, Limited water flow in and out

Historical environmental issue associated with Anderson’s Bay Inlet

Raw sewage used to be dumped into the inlet and since there is limited waterflow, bacteria levels were extremely high which degraded the ecosystem

What is the current condition of Anderson’s bay inlet

Sewage is no longer dumped there and while it still experiences pollution, water quality has increased so that rocky and muddy shore invertebrates have returned along with wading birds

How has the causeway influenced habitat at Anderson’s Bay Inlet

The narrow gap causes a high-flow current which creates habitat for species that prefer fast-moving water (Kelps and filter feeders)

Who built the rock walls around the Anderson’s bay inlet

North Island Māori prisoners from the Taranaki Māori war

What is the significance of the Midway Islands in the Otago Harbour

They divide the harbour in two causing differences in environmental conditions between the inner and outer harbour

Characteristics of the outer Otago harbour

Water is completely changed over every tidal cycle so around every 13 hours or so the water is changed over, meaning there is a strong oceanic influence in this area. There is often more open ocean plankton in the outer harbour than retained larvae of intertidal or mudflat animal

Characteristics of the inner Otago harbour

Water is turned over roughly every 11-14 days, thus there is very little influence from the open ocean. planktonic larvae are likely to be from very local sessile invertebrates. Inner harbour is impacted more by pollution from city and transport

What ecosystem services do tidal mudflats provide

Sequestering of carbon and turnover of other nutrients such as nitrate

When did Mum the sea lion arrive at mainland New Zealand

1993

What is this

petit ponar sediment grab

How long do you do the plankton tows for

5 minutes

What is this

A Bogorov tray

What are you allowed to do when creating a scientific illustration

May amalgamate observations from several specimens to create the “perfect” illustration, can use hatching and cross-hatching and shading, can use color

Rules of biological drawing

Must draw exactly what you see, no hatching, cross-hatching, shading, or use of color

Who invented cyanotypes

Sir John Herschel

How does cyanotyping work

Ferric ammonium citrate or ferric ammonium oxalate is mixed with potassium ferricyanide, it becomes sensitive to UV light,

After you lay your transect what do you divide the total distance by

6

What are some of the ways (apart from tide height and wave exposure) that environmental conditions could differ between transects

Slope, rock cover, sand cover, level versus rough terrain

How would the intertidal environment change with different weather and different sea conditions

Rain would change the salinity level in tide pools, depending on the weather and season the temperature could vary greatly in the inter tidal zone

What are trematodes

Common parasites of shellfish and shorebirds in New Zealand

Life cycle of a trematode

Begin life as eggs in oystercatcher faeces, eggs hatch when eaten by a welk (mudflat snail), Larvae multiply and then leave to infect a cockle, larvae multiply more until eaten by an oystercatcher where they mature in the small intestine and produce eggs. cycle continues

How many cockles were collected for the experiment

30 (15 parasitized & 15 unparasitized)

How many cm long were the strings that were glued to the cockles

5

How many cockles were placed in each tank

3

How many minutes did you wait between checking the cockles

15

What other factors might affect how efficiently the cockles bury themselves

Experiment was done at high tide, so cockles didn’t want to burry themselves