Respiratory system functions + Respiration Process

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Last updated 10:40 PM on 4/10/26
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14 Terms

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Respiratory system functions

  • Gas exchange

  • Regulation of blood pH

  • Voice Production

  • Olfaction

  • Protection

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Gas exchange

Oxygen enters blood and carbon dioxide leaves

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Regulation of blood pH

Altered by changing blood carbon dioxide levels

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Voice production
Movement of air past vocal folds makes sound and speech
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Olfaction
Smell occurs when airborne molecules drawn into nasal cavity
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Protection
Against microorganisms by preventing entry and removing them
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What are the four steps of respiration

•To supply the body with oxygen and dispose of carbon dioxide

•Respiration – four distinct processes must happen

  • Pulmonary ventilation

  • External respiratory

  • Transport

  • Internal respiration

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Step 1 of Respiratory: Pulmonary Ventilation(Breathing)

  • Simply breathing in and out

  • Air moves:

    • Into lungs (inhalation)

    • Out of lungs (exhalation)

👉 No gas exchange yet — just moving air

<ul><li><p>Simply <strong>breathing in and out</strong></p></li><li><p>Air moves:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Into lungs</strong> (inhalation)</p></li><li><p><strong>Out of lungs</strong> (exhalation)</p></li></ul></li></ul><p><span data-name="point_right" data-type="emoji">👉</span> No gas exchange yet — just moving air</p>
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Step 2 of Respiratory: External respiration

gas exchange between the lungs and the blood

  • Happens in the alveoli (air sacs in lungs)

  • Oxygen → moves into blood

  • Carbon dioxide → moves into lungs

👉 This is where gas actually enters/leaves the blood

<p><span>gas exchange between the lungs and the blood</span></p><ul><li><p>Happens in the <strong>alveoli (air sacs in lungs)</strong></p></li><li><p>Oxygen → moves into blood</p></li><li><p>Carbon dioxide → moves into lungs</p></li></ul><p><span data-name="point_right" data-type="emoji">👉</span> This is where gas actually <strong>enters/leaves the blood</strong></p>
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Step 3 of Respiratory: Transport(Blood Movement)

transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and tissues

  • Blood carries gases:

    • O₂ → from lungs to tissues

    • CO₂ → from tissues back to lungs

    • Blood = delivery + pickup system

      • Delivers O₂

      • Picks up CO₂

👉 Think: delivery system

<p><span> transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and tissues</span></p><ul><li><p>Blood carries gases:</p><ul><li><p>O₂ → from lungs to tissues</p></li><li><p>CO₂ → from tissues back to lungs</p></li><li><p>Blood = <strong>delivery + pickup system</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>Delivers O₂</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Picks up CO₂</strong></p></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><p><span data-name="point_right" data-type="emoji">👉</span> Think: <strong>delivery system</strong></p>
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Step 4 of Respiratory: Internal respiration(Blood ↔ Tissues)

exchange of O₂ and CO₂ between blood and tissues

  • Happens at the cells

  • Oxygen → leaves blood and enters cells

  • Carbon dioxide → leaves cells and enters blood

👉 This is where cells actually use oxygen

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What is the function of the nose

  • Passage way for Air

  • Warm

  • Filter

  • Voice

  • Smell

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What happens to your respiratory system as you age

Aging causes structural and functional changes in the respiratory system that reduce lung elasticity, chest mobility, gas exchange efficiency, and immune protection.

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What happens to your pulmonary function as you age

Pulmonary function declines with age due to reduced airflow, weaker gas exchange, decreased lung elasticity, and increased air trapping.