Basic Atom + Periodic Table + Nomenclature

Atomic Notation

A (mass #)

X

Z (atomic #)

Period Table Notation

Z (atomic #)

X

avg A (average mass #)

neutrons # =

mass # - atomic #

Ions - Cation

positive charge - lost electrons

Ions - Anion

negative charge - gained electrons

cation size

smaller than atom

anion size

larger than atom

covalent bond

shared electrons

[ non-metal + non-metal ]

ionic bond

transferred electrons

[ metal + non-metal ]

Periodic Table - Groups

vertical column |

Periodic Table - Periods

horizontal row —

Periodic Table - Group 1 |

alkali metals ➡ +1 ion

Periodic Table - Group 2 |

alkaline earth metals ➡ +2 ions

Periodic Table - Group 17 |

halogens ➡ -1 ions

Periodic Table - Group 18 |

noble gases ➡ very stable

Atomic model - 1803

John Dalton

Solid Sphere model

Atomic model - 1904

J.J. Thomson

Plum Pudding model

Atomic model - 1911

Ernest Rutherford

Nuclear model

Atomic Model - 1913

Niels Bohr

Planetary model

Atomic Model - 1926

Schrödinger

Quantum model

Dalton atomic model Characteristic

atoms are solid - indivisible - spheres identical for each element

Thomson model Characteristic

atom is a positive - sphere - with electrons embedded inside

Rutherford model Characteristic

atom is mostly empty space - with a small - dense - positive - nucleus

Bohr model Characteristic

electrons move in fixed - energy levels - around - the nucleus

Schrödinger model Characteristic

electrons exist in probability - clouds - not fixed - paths

Thomson Experiment Discovery

discovered electrons as negative - particles - in atoms

Rutherford Experiment Discovery

discovered a small - dense - positive nucleus

&

atoms are mostly empty space

Thomson Experiment

electricity passed through a vacuum tube

&

the beam was deflected by magnets -

showing it had particles with - negative - charges

Rutherford Experiment

alpha + particles were fired at - gold foil

&

most passed through while - some were - deflected or - bounced back

Identify Compound Type :

H…

Acid

Identify Compound Type :

metal + non-metal

Ionic

Identify Compound Type:

non-metal + non-metal

Covalent

Identify Compound Type:

… · nH₂O

Hydrate

Overall compound charge

charge = 0

Ionic compound name of

metal (fixed charge) + non metal

cation + anion [root + ide]

Ionic compound name of

metal (multiple charges) + non metal

{cation} metal (Roman #) - anion [root + ide]

Covalent compound name

prefix & 1st element + prefix & 2nd element

(NO “mono” for 1st element)

Prefixes

1 - mono

2 - di

3 - tri

4 - tetra

5 - penta

6 - hexa

7 - hepta

8 - octa

9 - nona

10 - deca

Acid naming for

No oxygen

hydro & element/compound [root + ic] + acid

Acid naming for

Oxyacids - with oxygen

oxyanion [ -ite ➞ ous] acid

oxyanion [ -ate ➞ ic] acid

Polyatomic ion compound name for:

cation + polyatomic ion {anion}

polyatomic cation + anion

polyatomic cation + polyatomic ion {anion}

cation + anion ( {if not polyatomic ion} root + ide)

Hydrate name of

compound · nH₂O

compound + prefix & hydrate

2 oxyanions name pattern

less O ➞ -ite

more O ➞ -ate

4 oxyanions name pattern

least O ➞ hypo … ite

less O ➞ -ite

more O ➞ -ate

most O ➞ per … ate