Chapter 10 Microbial Metabolism

Each of the following are denaturing agents

high pH

high temperature

low pH

The formation of citric acid from oxaloacetic acid and an acetyl group begins ______.

the Krebs cycle

Enzymes that function inside a cell are ______.

endoenzymes

In which pathway is the most NADH generated?

The Krebs cycle

During which phase of cellular respiration is the majority of ATP formed?

Oxidative phosphorylation

The term used to describe all of the chemical reactions within a cell is ______.

metabolism

All of the following pertain to glycolysis

it involves reduction of NAD

it ends with formation of pyruvic acid

it occurs without oxygen

it occurs during fermentation

During aerobic cellular respiration, the final electron acceptor is ______.

oxygen

Important components of coenzymes are _______.

vitamins

Substrate-level phosphorylation occurs in _______.

glycolysis and the Krebs cycle

In bacterial cells, when glucose is completely oxidized by all the pathways of aerobic cellular respiration, what is the maximum number of ATP generated?

38

The most likely place where an exoenzyme participates in a chemical reaction is ______.

outside of the cell

Enzymes are _______.

proteins that function as catalysts

In aerobic respiration, NAD and FAD are called the ______.

electron carriers

In the cell, energy released by electrons is often used to phosphorylate ______.

ADP

Which of the following is true of anaerobic respiration?

It utilizes an electron transport system.

It generates some ATP.

It involves glycolysis.

The formation of ester bonds between glycerol and fatty acids to build a triglyceride is an example of ______.

anabolism

Which of the following is not a process that regenerates ATP?

Reductive phosphorylation

An apoenzyme is ______.

the protein part of a holoenzyme

Each NADH that enters the electron transport chain (ETC) results in the production of _____ ATPs.

3

Which of the following is part of the step that occurs between glycolysis and the Krebs cycle?

Reduction of NAD+

Oxidation of pyruvic acid

Coenzyme A attaches to an acetyl group

Glycolysis uses 2 ATP and produces _______.

4 ATP without oxygen

All of the following are exoenzymes

collagenase

amylase

casease

lipase

In which stage of aerobic respiration is water produced?

The electron transport chain

As the electron transport carriers (in the electron transport chain) shuttle electrons, they actively pump _______ into the outer membrane compartment, setting up a concentration gradient called the proton motive force.

hydrogen ions

When bacteria utilize starch (from the environment) as a nutrient by splitting the starch molecule into smaller molecules of glucose with the addition of water, the metabolic process is called ______.

hydrolysis

Each FADH2 from the Krebs cycle that enters the electron transport chain (ETC) results in the production of _____ ATP(s).

2

In bacterial cells, the electron transport chain (ETC) is located in the ______.

cell membrane

Enzymes speed up the rate of a reaction by ___________________________ (decreasing or increasing) the amount of activation energy needed for the reaction to occur.

decreasing

_________ are the mineral components, while ___________ are the organic components, that attach to an apoenzyme to create a functional holoenzymes.

Hint: substrates, inhibitors, products, enzymes, cofactors, coenzymes, or active sites.

Cofactors

coenzymes

Which process produces the majority of ATP during aerobic respiration?

Oxidative phosphorylation

For this question, consider the following events of cellular respiration: glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle), the electron transport chain, and chemiosmosis.

___________________________________ is the only common pathway (process) for both respiration and fermentation.

glycolysis

For this question, consider the following events of cellular respiration: glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle), the electron transport chain, and chemiosmosis.

___________________________________ is responsible for the creation of the greatest amount of NADH created during cellular respiration.

the Krebs cycle

Fermentation is a process that converts the ___________________________________ made during glycolysis into acid or alcohol for the purposes of oxidizing NADH back to NAD+.

pyruvic acid

For this question, consider the following events of cellular respiration: glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle), the electron transport chain, and chemiosmosis.

___________________________________ is a crucial step that creates acetyl CoA, which can then be completely oxidized during the citric acid cycle.

pyruvate oxidation

Lipases convert triglycerides into individual molecules of glycerol and fatty acids. However, before fatty acids can be used for energy, they must be converted to molecules of acetyl CoA by the process of _______________________.

Hint: glycolysis, Krebs cycle, deamination, beta oxidation, fermentation, or transamination.

beta oxidation

During the process of photosynthesis, the light-dependent reactions are responsible for the creation of both ATP and NADPH that are needed for the conversion of CO2and H2O to sugars and other nutrients.

True