Bio - Insulin

What hormone is insulin

Protein hormone

When and by what is insulin secreted

When beta cells is Islets of Langerhans in pancreas detect increase of glucose levels

How does insulin help get glucose into a cell

Binded insulin release glut4, a channel made for transporting glucose

Glucagon

Released when low blood glucose
Opposite of insulin
Produced by alpha cells in Islets of Langerhans
Stimulates glycogen breakdown

What happens without insulin

Heart and Skeletal muscles will have no access to glucose as an energy source

Other benefits of insulin

Facilitates conversion of glucose to glycogen in liver
Increase uptake of AA
Helps adipose cells to absorb glucose as energy and stopping them from releasing energy

What organ secretes insulin and glucagon

Pancreas

Adrenal gland

Located above each kidney
Inner gland is adrenal medulla
Outer casing is adrenal cortex
Medulla regulated by nervous system, cortex by hormones
Produces hormones that regulates stress

Stress can be identified as

Acute or Chronic

Acute stress

Scared by a horror movie
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine (stronger than epinephrine) are released
Stimulated by sympathetic nerves
Increase of epin and norephin causes blood glucose to rise, increasing ATP, increasing heart rate and BP
Flight or Fight responce
Changes blood flow to brain and heart taking from digestive
Alterness increases, vision improves (more light is let in)

Chronic stress

Anterior pituitary releases ATCH
Once ACTH reaches adrenal cortex, it stimulates the production of glucocorticoids
Cortisol is released, increasing AA levels in blood by breaking down muscle protein
AA and adipose tissue is broken down