jargin

jargon terms

absorbance

a measure of the capacity of a substance to absorb light of a specified wavelength. It is equal to the logarithm of the reciprocal of the transmittance

accurate

(especially of information, measurements, or predictions) correct in all details; exact:

aliquot

is a precisely measured portion of a larger sample, used to preserve sample integrity and ensure reproducibility in experiments.

alleles

An allele is a specific version or variant of a gene that occupies the same position (locus) on a chromosome and contributes to genetic variation in traits.

allometry

the growth of body parts at different rates, resulting in a change of body proportions.

amplification

amplification refers to the increase in the number or expression of genes or gene products, resulting in a stronger biological effect or higher protein production.

anemia

Anemia is a condition in which the blood has a lower-than-normal number of red blood cells or hemoglobin, reducing the blood’s capacity to carry oxygen to the body’s tissues.

anode

the positively charged electrode by which the electrons leave an electrical device. The opposite of cathode

anterior

refers to the front or forward-facing part of an organism or structure.

antibiotic

is a chemical substance produced by microorganisms or synthesized in the lab that kills or inhibits the growth of bacteria.

aqueous

refers to a solution in which water is the solvent, dissolving various solutes to form a homogeneous mixture essential for life processes.

aseptic

refers to practices or conditions that prevent contamination by harmful microorganisms, keeping an environment or material free from pathogens.

aspirate

draw (fluid) by suction from a vessel or cavity

assay

is a laboratory procedure used to measure the presence, amount, or activity of a specific biological substance or component.

blank

is a solution used t calibrate a spectometre before measuring a sample

branchial

1. the gills of fish and some invertebrate animals.

calibrate

to adjust or check a measuring instrument to ensure it provides accurate and reliable results, which is crucial for conducting experiments and obtaining valid data.

cathode

negative electrode, in an electrochemical cell where reduction occurs.

caudal

at or near the tail or the posterior part of the body:

cloned

is defined as the process of genetically identical copy of a cell, organism or piece of dna.

cuvette

A cuvette is a small, transparent container used in laboratories to hold liquid samples for optical analysis, particularly in spectrophotometry and fluorescence measurements.

decant

decanting is the process of carefully pouring a liquid from a container to separate it from a solid precipitate or a denser liquid layer.

dermal

"dermal" refers to anything related to the outer protective layer of an organism, such as the skin in animals or the epidermis in plants.

protecting internal organs, regulating temperature, and serving as a barrier against pathogens.

distal

refers to a position farther away from the point of attachment, origin, or the trunk of the body.

dorsal

on or relating to the upper side or back of an animal, plant, or organ. Compare with ventral.

electrophoresis

laboratory technique used to separate biological molecules, such as DNA, RNA, or proteins, based on their size and electrical charge.

eluate

a solution obtained by elution

elute

remove (an adsorbed substance) by washing with a solvent, especially in chromatography:

elution

the process of collecting proteins and peptides of interest by passing an elution solvent through a column which desorbs and and retrieves the target molecules

epithelium

1. the thin tissue forming the outer layer of a body's surface and lining the alimentary canal and other hollow structures.

   • the part of the epithelium derived from embryonic ectoderm and endoderm, as distinct from endothelium and mesothelium.

eppendorf

microcentifruge tubes- ependorf is company that makes them

equilibration

The process by which animal and vegetable organisms preserve a physiological balance.

frontal

large bone located at front of skull forming the forehead and upper part of the eye sockets.

genome

is the complete set of genetic material in an organism, containing all the information needed for its growth, development, and functioning.

homologous

refers to similarity in structures, genes, or traits between organisms due to shared ancestry, regardless of their current function.

incubation

refers to the process of keeping eggs or organisms in a controlled enviornment to promote their development and growth.

invert

the reversal of a segment of a chromosome, where a piece of dna breaks off and reattaches in inverse orientation.

paracentic-not including centromere

pericentric-including centromere

ladder

is a solution composed of DNA molecules of varying lengths

primarily used in gel electrophies

• serves as a reference to estimate size of unknown DNA fragments

lateral

refers to a position or direction that is farther from the body's midline or toward the side of a structure.

• arms are lateral to the chest

• the eyes are lateral to the nose

ligated

the process of joining two RNA or two DNA segments to form a single molecule

• enzyme used in this process is usually ligase

lysate

fluid containing the contents of cells or tissues that have been deliberately broken open to study their internal components.

• a lysate refers to the solutuion obtained after cells or tissue undergo lysis

mandible

the lower jaw

• largest and strongest bone in the human skull

• holding the teeth and shaping the lower face

• only movable bone in the skull

matrix

material or tissue that connects cells together and provides structural and biochemical support.

• ECM- found in cartilage and bone

• ECM contains glycoproteins, e.g. collagen

media

• a culture medium

• media are substances—liquid or solid—designed to support the growth, maintenance, and study of microorganisms or cells under controlled laboratory conditions.

microtitre

flat plate with multiple wells used in lab experiments.

• contains multiple small wells that allow high torough analysis - used for pcr

• simultaneous testing

miniprep

is a laboratory technique used to rapidly isolate plasmid DNA from bacterial cells for genetic analysis or manipulation.

• small scale method to extract and purify plasmid DNA from bacterial cultures

oligonucleotide

are short sequences of nucleotides, either DNA or RNA, that can bind specifically to complementary nucleic acid sequences and are widely used in research, diagnostics, and therapeutics.

• typically ranging from 2 to 100 units.

• most are between 15 and 50

pectoral

chest or breast region of the body

• pectoral gridle- connects upper limbs to axial skeleton

• providing stability and a range of motion to the arms

pellet

dense material that collects at bottom of a tube after centrifugation

pericardial

• percardium- double walled sac surrounding the heart and roots of major blood vessels

• 2 layers:

• fib precardium- support and protection

• serous precardium- lubricant reducing fricition while heart moves