AP GOV Memorization

Marbury v. Madison

court case that establishes judicial review

McCulloch v. Maryland

supremacy of national government; implied powers

Schenck v. United States

speech that creates a clear and present danger is not protected

Brown v. Board of Education

separate is inherently unequal

Baker v. Carr

courts have jurisdiction over redistricting/gerrymandering

Engel v. Vitale

no school sponsored prayer

Gideon v. Wainwright

selective incorporation: right to attorney applied to states

Tinker v. Des Moines

symbolic speech is protected speech in schools (armbands)

New York Times v. US

government cannot engage in prior restraint

Wisconsin v. Yoder

compelling Amish students to attend school violates the free exercise clause

Roe v. Wade

right to privacy includes right to abortion

Shaw v. Reno

redistricting must avoid racially motivated district boundaries

US v. Lopez

limits commerce clause (guns in public schools)

McDonald v. Chicago

incorporates second amendment right to bear arms to the states

Citizens United v. FEC

financial speech (corporate donations to election campaigns)

Constitution Article I

Establish Legislative Branch

Constitution Article II

Establish Executive Branch

Constitution Article III

Establish Judicial Branch

Constitution Article IV

Describe relations between states and "full faith and credit"

Constitution Article V

Describe process for Constitutional Amendments

Constitution Article VI

Provides for the "supremacy clause"

Constitution Article VII

Describes how the Constitution is to be ratified

First Amendment

Freedom of religion/speech/press/assembly/petition

Second Amendment

Right to bear arms

Third Amendment

Restrictions on quartering troops

Fourth Amendment

Protection against unlawful search & seizure

Fifth Amendment

Rights of the accused; due process

Sixth Amendment

Right to speedy and public jury trial

Seventh Amendment

Rights in a civil suit

Eighth Amendment

Cruel and unusual punishment

Ninth Amendment

People have more powers than those listed

Tenth Amendment

Powers reserved to the states

Eleventh Amendment

Amends original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court

Twelfth Amendment

Provides for Election of President & Vice President

Thirteenth Amendment

Abolishes slavery

Fourteenth Amendment

citizenship, due process, and equal protection

Fifteenth Amendment

Right to vote regardless of race

Sixteenth Amendment

Establishes power to tax income

Seventeenth Amendment

Provides for direct election of senators by citizens

Eighteenth Amendment

Establishes prohibition

Nineteenth Amendment

Right to vote regardless of sex

Twentieth Amendment

Establishes terms of office for officials ("lame duck")

Twenty-First Amendment

Repeals prohibition

Twenty-Second Amendment

Limits presidents to serving at most two terms

Twenty-Third Amendment

Provides DC representation in the electoral college

Twenty-Fourth Amendment

Abolishes poll taxes

Twenty-Fifth Amendment

Provides for presidential succession if incapacitated

Twenty-Sixth Amendment

Right to vote if 18 years or older

Twenty-Seventh Amendment

Limits ability of Congress to raise its own salary

Federalist 10

factions are inevitable but can be controlled

Federalist 51

prevent tyrannical government by separating power into three distinct branches

Federalist 70

need a strong executive to respond to crises

Federalist 78

need an independent judiciary to check other branches through judicial review