Kidney Function and Anatomy: Nephrons, Blood Vessels, and Urinary System

Urinary

Filtration

Reabsorption

Secretion

Functions:

1. Removing waste products from the blood stream

2. Storage of urine

3. Excretion of urine

4. Regulates volume and composition of blood and interstital fluid

5. Regulation of erythrocyte production

6. Hormone erythropoietin ( EPO) can act on stem cells in red bone marrow to increase RBC production

Kidneys

1. Located along the posterior wall of abdominal cavity behind the parietal peritoneum

2. Kidneys filter waste products from blood stream and filtrate into urine.

Renal Blood vessels

Arteries Renal --> interlobar, arcuate, interlobular, afferent, glomerulus

Veins

Pertiubular : capillaries, vasa recta, interolobular, arcuate, interlobar, renal

Nephron

1. Functional filtration unit in the kidney

2. Consists of renal corpuscle and renal tubule

3. Renal corpuscle (A) Glomerulus tangled web of capillaries

(B) Glomerular capsule (Bowman's capsule surrounds the glomerulus

Renal tubule

- PCT

- LOOP

DCT

Cortial short loops harrle

85%

Juxtamedulliary long loop henle

15%

Fill in the Blank

_Blood fluids and waste fluids exit the capillaries in the glomerulus. The (glomerular capsule collecrs the filtrate fluid. Blood exits by the efferent artery rbc remain in the capillary.

Glomerulus

1. Filitration, Afferent Arteriole, Efferent Arteriole, Filtration

Parts General Structure

Consists of kidneys ureters, urinary bladder and urethra

Exam

How much urinary bladder it can hold

8,000 urinaru

Renal tubule

1. Proximal covoluted tubule

2. Descending Loop of Henle

3. Ascending loop of henle

4. Distal convoluted tubule

Many

Distal convoluted tubules empty into collecting ducts which turn into papillary ducts empty into minor calyxes.

Urine formation

1. Filtration- Blood plasma exits glomerulus

2. Peri Tubular Reasborption peritubular cp reabsirbs water, electrolytes nutrients vitamins, Na+ from the renal tubulea

3. Peri Tubular Secretion peritubular cap secrete H+ K+ into renal tubule

Ureters

1. Tube from kidney to bladder

Ureters layers

Mucosa transitional epithelium, muscularis, adventita

Urinary Bladder

1. Spherical hollow distensible, muscular,

Urinary Bladder Layers

mucosa submucosa muscularis detrusor muscle adventita

Trigone

Trigangular area at base of bladder

3 opening 2 ureter, lurethra

Micturition Urination

need to urinate

Involves

activation of stretch receptors

involuntary contraction of

detrusor muscle and internal urethral sphincter

Voluntary relaxation

external urethral sphincter

volume

can hold 700-800 m, cc, 1 liter

Urethra

Tubefrom bladder to external urethral orifice

urethra

is long 18-20cm

Urethra three parts

prostatic, membranous, spongy and is 18-20cm long

Urethra measurement

Men: 18-20cm

woman: 3.5cm

Molecule uric acid leaves the body

1. Renal artery

2. Interlobar

3. Arcuate,

4. Interlobular

5. Afferent

6. glomerulus

7. Efferent

8. PCT

9. DSC

10. ASC

11. DCT

12. CD

Papillary Ducst

14. Renal papillia

15. Minor c

16. Major

17. renal pelvis

18. Ureter

19. Bladder urinaru

20. Urethra