Atomic Theory of Matter

Who first proposed the concept of 'atomos' (indivisible particles)?

Democritus

When did John Dalton propose his atomic theory?

1808

Which scientist used the cathode ray experiment to discover electrons?

Joseph John Thomson

What atomic model did J.J. Thomson propose?

Plum pudding model

Who determined the charge of an electron using the oil drop experiment?

Robert Millikan

Which experiment led Ernest Rutherford to discover the atomic nucleus?

Gold foil experiment

Who discovered neutrons?

James Chadwick

What atomic model is associated with Neils Bohr?

Planetary model

Which scientist developed the quantum mechanical model of the atom?

Erwin Schrödinger

What does the quantum mechanical model describe in terms of electron location?

Orbitals

What was Dalton's first hypothesis about atoms?

Atoms are indivisible.

According to Dalton, how do atoms of the same element compare?

They are identical.

What did Dalton state about the proportions of elements in a compound?

They combine in fixed proportions (e.g., H2O).

How did Dalton describe the role of atoms in chemical reactions?

Atoms are reorganised, adhering to the Law of Conservation of Mass.

What are the three main subatomic particles?

Protons, Neutrons, Electrons

What is the charge of a proton?

+1 (positive)

What is the charge of a neutron?

0 (neutral)

What is the charge of an electron?

-1 (negative)

Which subatomic particle has a mass of approximately 1 atomic mass unit (amu)?

Proton

Which subatomic particle has a mass similar to a proton, approximately 1 amu?

Neutron

Which subatomic particle has a negligible mass compared to protons and neutrons?

Electron

What property of an atom is represented by the symbol 'Z'?

Atomic Number

What does the atomic number (Z) represent?

The number of protons in an atom's nucleus.

What property of an atom is represented by the symbol 'A'?

Mass Number

What does the mass number (A) represent?

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.

What is atomic mass?

The weighted average mass of an element's isotopes.

What is the symbol for the principal quantum number?

n

What does the principal quantum number (n) represent?

The energy level and size of an electron's orbital.

What is the symbol for the angular momentum (azimuthal) quantum number?

l

What does the angular momentum quantum number (l) represent?

The shape of an electron's orbital (s, p, d, f).

What is the symbol for the magnetic quantum number?

ml

What does the magnetic quantum number (ml) represent?

The orientation of an electron's orbital in space.

What is the symbol for the spin quantum number?

ms

What does the spin quantum number (ms) represent?

The intrinsic angular momentum of an electron, or its 'spin' direction.

What is the Filipino translation for 'Atom'?

Atomo

What is the Filipino translation for 'Matter'?

Materya

What is the Filipino translation for 'Atomic Theory'?

Teoryang Atomiko

What is the Filipino translation for 'Subatomic particles'?

Sub-atomikong partikula

What is the Filipino translation for 'Nucleus'?

Nukleyus

Which historical figure's work laid the foundation for modern atomic theory?

John Dalton

What did Rutherford's gold foil experiment reveal about the atom's structure?

That atoms have a small, dense, positively charged nucleus.

How does Bohr's model differ from Rutherford's model?

Bohr proposed electrons orbit in specific energy levels, unlike Rutherford's general electron cloud.

What is the primary difference between the planetary model and the quantum mechanical model?

The quantum mechanical model describes electron locations as probability clouds (orbitals), not fixed orbits.

Why are neutrons important in the nucleus?

They help stabilise the nucleus by counteracting the repulsion between protons.

If an atom has 6 protons, what is its atomic number (Z)?

6

If an atom has 7 protons and 7 neutrons, what is its mass number (A)?

14

What is the relationship between atomic number and the identity of an element?

The atomic number uniquely identifies an element.

What is the general term for the study of the fundamental nature of matter?

Atomic Theory (Teoryang Atomiko)

What is the smallest unit of an element that retains its chemical identity?

Atom (Atomo)

What are the particles that make up an atom?

Subatomic particles (Sub-atomikong partikula)