IDSC 3001 Test G (Topics 13 and 14)

E-Waste

Discarded, often obsolete technology; also known as electronic waste

Results of e-waste if there is no intervention

Annual e-waste is expected to more than double in the next three decades. Consumer electronics and computing equipment can be a toxic cocktail that includes cadmium, mercury, lead, and other hazardous materials. Crushing flammable lithium-ion batteries in with paper, cardboard, and other fire fuel has led to an uptick in recycling center fires.

Priming Effect

Introduction of one stimulus unconsciously influences the response to a subsequent stimulus

Attention Bias

Perception is affected by what's on people thoughts at the time.

Weber-Fechner Laws

Perceived change to stimuli is proportional to the initial stimuli (logarithmic)

Ostridge Effect

avoiding negative information

Verbatim effect

exact wording is harder to remember than the 'gist' of what someone has said

Context Effect

cognition and memory are dependent on context(e.g., harder to recall a work associate at a non-work party)

Peak-end Rule

Individuals recall a memory at the end of an eventor at its peak (pleasant or unpleasant)

Occam's Razor

The philosophy that the simplest explanation is usually the correct one

Loss Aversion

losses are as much as twice as powerful, psychologically, as gains

Illusory Superiority

Individuals tend to overestimate their own qualities and abilities

Ambiguity Bias

People select options where the favorable outcome probably is known, versus unknown

Gambler's Fallacy

Belief that an event is more or less likely, given a previous series of events

Bandwagon Effect

adoption increases in proportion of other's adopting

Halo Effect

Positive impression of a person, brand, or product in one area, will influence one's opinion or feelings in another

Confirmation Bias

Tendency to search for, and favor information that confirms one's beliefs

Survival Deviation

focusing on things that survived, when you should be focused on the exact opposite.

Heuristics Definition

The way humans use bias, tendencies, and shortcuts to make decisions, understanding these shortcuts can aid in design

Gestalt Principles (Visual Optimization)

Human's are looking for patterns, logic, form, and structure. Meeting these needs can create more effective designs

Good Figure

Human's tend to simplify. Items grouped together are perceived as a single object

Similarity

Similar objects (shape, size, color) are grouped together

Closure

Humans will connect elements with a gap, even if they don't touch

Proximity

Elements will be grouped together based on how close they are to other elements

Continuation

Intersecting objects are perceived as a single object.

Symmetry

Groupings of objects are perceived to be shapes formed around their center.

Availability

we use whatever information is easily accessible to create judgements

Social Proof

basically, recommendations and ratings work!

Endowed progress effect

A loyalty card that starts with two free stamps in a buy ten get one free program.

Anchoring

25% off might induce us to buy a product, even when the similar product next to it is the same price.

Scarcity

"only two tickets remain at this price"

Framing

Price, color, and other attributes may affect our perception of quality, value, etc.

Priming

If you see the word hand in front of fis__, your brain will fill in the word fist. If you saw swim, your brain would fill in fish

Sunk Cost Fallacy

believing that prior investments justify further expenditures

Illusion of Control

tendency for people to overestimate their ability to influence outcomes.

Statistical Bias

Sampling error, Improper techniques, etc

Conflicts of Interest

Funding bias, regulatory issues, favoritism, etc.

Prejudices

Racism, sexism, classism, etc

Moore's Law

Chip performance per dollar doubles every eighteen months

Contextual Bias

Media bias, Academic bias, etc

microprocessor

Part of the computer that executes the instructions of a computer program

random-access memory (RAM)

Fast, chip-based volatile storage in a computing device

volatile memory

Storage that is wiped clean when power is cut off from a device

nonvolatile memory

storage that retains data even when powered down

Flash memory

Nonvolatile, chip-based storage

solid state electronics

Semiconductor-based devices.

semiconductor

Substance such as silicon dioxide used inside most computer chips that is capable of enabling and inhibiting the flow of electricity

optical fiber line

High-speed glass or plastic-lined networking cable used in telecommunications.

price elasticity

Rate at which the demand for a product or service fluctuates with price change.

microcontrollers

Special-purpose computing devices that don't have an operating system and can't do as much as general purpose computers or smartphones

Internet of Things (loT)

A vision where low-cost sensors, processors, and communication are embedded into a wide array of products and our environment, allowing a vast network to collect data, analyze input, and automatically coordinate collective action

fabs

semiconductor fabrication facilities

silicon wafers

Thin, circular slice of material used to create semiconductor device

multicore microprocessors

Contain two or more calculating processor cores on the same piece of silicon

deepfake

Creates bogus media—images, sound, or video—created by artificial intelligence that distort media in a way that makes it appear that a false event actually took place

shallowfakes

Manipulating media without the using artificial intelligence. Examples might include using Photoshop or simply slowing down a video and passing the distortion off as truth.

Still learning (14)

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