[BIO 102] Chapter 17 Obj jc

What are four differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Pro: Smaller, No Nucleus, No Membrane-Bound Organelles, No Complex

Euk: Larger, Yes Nucleus, Yes Membrane-Bound Organelles, Yes Complex

What are the two domains of prokaryotes?

Bacteria and Archaea

What are four similarities between Bacteria and Archaea?

Circular DNA, Prokaryotic, Very Small, Very Old

What are four features unique to Bacteria?

Often have a cell wall composed of peptidoglycan

Fatty acids not branched

Do not use methane

Genes do not contain introns

What are four features unique to Archaea?

Cell wall composed of protein

Fatty acids are branched

Some generate methane

Genes may contain introns

What is the nucleoid?

Region where DNA resides

What are Plasmids?

Circles of DNA apart from the chromosome

What are Ribosomes?

Site of protein synthesis

What are Flagella?

Hair-like extensions on cells for movement

What is the Cell Membrane?

Gives shape and structure

What are the Cell Wall?

Gives protection

What are the Glycocalyx?

Another layer of protection and structure

What are Pili?

Extensions from the plasma membrane, used for attachment

What is peptidoglycan?

What the cell wall of a bacteria is made of

What are the color and structural differences between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria?

Pos: Purple, no outer membrane, more layers of peptidoglycan

Neg: Pink, yes outer membrane, less layers of peptidoglycan

What shape are coccus, bacillus, and spirillum cells?

Coccus: Spherical

Bacillus: Rod shaped

Spirillum: Spiral

What are autotrophs and heterotrophs?

Auto- Self-feeders

Hetero- Other-feeders

What are phototrophs and chemotrophs?

Photo- Energy source from light

Chemo- Energy source from chemicals

What are photoheterotrophs and chemoautotrophs?

Photo: Source of energy is light and can get carbon from organic sources

Chemo: Source of energy are chemicals and can use carbon dioxide from inorganic sources