The Endocrine System Review

A collection of vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts from the Endocrine System lecture.

Hormones are secreted into the __________.

Blood stream

What do hormones bind to?

Target receptors

Describe a synergistic effect.

Two hormones work together to enable a larger response than either one alone.

What is an antagonistic effect?

One hormone opposes the action of another hormone.

What system communicates by electrical impulses and neurotransmitters?

The nervous system.

What are the three groups of hormones?

Steroid hormones, Monoamines, and Peptide hormones.

Which hormones are lipid-soluble?

Steroid hormones.

Describe the role of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system.

It links the nervous system to the endocrine system and regulates various functions.

What hormones does the hypothalamus produce?

Antidiuretic and oxytocin.

Which gland is affected by releasing hormones and inhibiting hormones?

Anterior pituitary gland.

Where is the pineal gland located?

In the brain.

What hormone does the pineal gland secrete?

Melatonin.

What are the two main hormones secreted by the thyroid gland?

Thyroxine and Calcitonin.

What is the function of parathyroid hormone?

Increases blood calcium levels.

What is the function of thymosin?

Regulates lymphocyte development.

Which islet cells produce glucagon?

Alpha cells.

What is the effect of insulin?

Decreases blood glucose levels.

What causes type I diabetes?

Autoimmune destruction of beta cells.

What is the primary glucocorticoid and its function?

Cortisol; it regulates metabolism and stress response.

What is the primary mineralocorticoid?

Aldosterone.

What are the two main hormones secreted by the ovaries?

Estrogen and progesterone.

What are the three stages of the stress response?

Alarm reaction, stage of resistance, and stage of exhaustion.

What hormone is primarily secreted from the adrenal medulla?

Epinephrine (adrenaline).

What are some damaging effects of chronic stress?

Hypertension, heart disease, and memory impairment.