Human Disease Caused by Bacteria

This set of flashcards covers various bacterial diseases affecting humans, their causative agents, symptoms, and treatments.

Chlamydial pneumonia

Caused by Chlamydophila Pneumoniae, an obligate intracellular parasite that causes symptoms like fever, cough, and sore throat.

Diphtheria

Caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, characterized by a thick gray pseudo membrane in the pharynx and heart damage due to its exotoxin.

Legionnaires’ disease

Bacterial infection caused by Legionella pneumophila, linked to contaminated water, presenting symptoms like fever and cough.

Meningitis

Inflammation of the meninges, major bacterial causes include Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis.

Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)

Infections caused by Mycobacterium avium and M. intracellulare, often seen in the elderly or immunocompromised.

Tuberculosis

Infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, characterized by symptoms like weight loss and cough.

Mycoplasmal pneumonia

Atypical pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics due to lack of cell walls.

Pertussis (whooping cough)

Highly contagious disease caused by Bordetella pertussis, known for uncontrollable coughing and production of various toxins.

Group A streptococcal disease

Caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, known for causing strep throat and characterized by extracellular enzymes that harm host tissues.

Lyme disease

A tick-borne zoonosis caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, diagnosed by serology and preventable through tick control.

Plague

Caused by Yersinia pestis, transmitted by flea bites and direct contact with infected animals; key symptoms include buboes.

Leprosy

Caused by Mycobacterium leprae; characterized by skin lesions and nerve damage, spreads through nasal secretions.

Gas Gangrene

Infection caused by Clostridium perfringens, characterized by tissue destruction and is associated with anaerobic environments.

Tattoo associated mycobacterial infection

Infection caused by Mycobacterium haemophilum and Mycobacterium chelonae, leading to skin lesions.

Peptic Ulcer Disease

Caused by Helicobacter pylori, leading to inflammation and ulcers in the stomach lining.

Botulism

Caused by the toxin of Clostridium botulinum, resulting in respiratory failure and other symptoms, particularly in infants.

Campylobacter jejuni gastroenteritis

Disease caused by Campylobacter jejuni, associated with contaminated food leading to diarrhea and fever.

Cholera

Infection caused by Vibrio cholerae, known for causing severe dehydration due to profuse diarrhea.

Pathogenic E. coli

Includes strains such as ETEC and EHEC/STEC, known for producing various toxins leading to diarrhea.

Salmonellosis and typhoid fever

Infections caused by Salmonella species; characterized by gastrointestinal symptoms and systemic spread in typhoid fever.

Anthrax

Caused by Bacillus anthracis; presents in cutaneous, pulmonary, and gastrointestinal forms, associated with spore survival.

Brucellosis

Infection by Brucella species, causing flu-like symptoms and can be transmitted through unpasteurized products.

Psittacosis

Caused by Chlamydophila psittaci, spread from birds to humans, leading to pneumonia and lung inflammation.

Q Fever

Caused by Coxiella burnetii, presents with flu-like symptoms and may lead to chronic complications.

Tularemia

Caused by Francisella tularensis, can be transmitted by various routes; symptoms include ulcerative lesion and fever.

Antibiotic-associated colitis

Caused by Clostridioides difficile, presenting as diarrhea and potentially leading to severe complications.

Bacterial Vaginosis

Caused by an imbalance in vaginal flora, characterized by fishy-smelling discharge.