6.2 Flashcards

What molecule is a DNA

A macromolecule

DNA Subunits

Monomers/nucleotides

Nucleotide composition

Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group, base

Base

Adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

DNA Diagram

Base bonding

Adenine with thymine, guanine with cytosine

Pyrimidines

Have 1 ring of carbon, thymine and cytosine

Purines

Have 2 rings of carbon and nitrogen, adenine and guanine

Shape of DNA

Double helix strand

Properties of DNA

When 2 strands unwind, they can make new DNA each. DNA bases also hold information

Gene

Can span up to 500kb or 500,000 base pairs

Overall diagram

Genome

A haploid set of chromosomes, including the genes. A human genome consists of 25,000 genes, including 3 billion individual base pairs

Allele

Type of gene, either dominant or recessive

Heterozygous

Different alleles

Homozygous

Same alleles

Chromosome

DNA wrapped around histone proteins

Chromosome diagram

Homologous chromosome

Chromosome of similar length, gene position and centromere location

Somatic cells

Are diploids, have paired chromosome aka 46 total

Gamette cells

Are haploids, have unpaired chromosomes aka 23 total

XX Chromosome

Female

XY Chromosome

Male

Chromatin

Loosely packed, exists in interphase

Autosomes

Chromosomes that aren't sex chromosomes