Ag Sci Exam 3 memory stuff

Pollination:

transfer of pollen from anther to stigma

fert:

union (fusion) of nuclei that usually occurs in a plant’s flower

perfect flower:

contains both stamen and pistil

Pistil:

Tube-like structure

Stigma:

Broad top of pistil

Style:

Tube from stigma to pistil bottom

Ovary:

Bottom of pistil

Ovule:

Hollow structure in ovary

Complete:

With sepals, petals, stamen, and pistil (or carpel)

Incomplete:

Missing one or more parts

Perfect:

Stamen and Pistil

Imperfect:

Stamen or Pistil absent

Monecious:

Staminate and pistilate flowers on same plant- squash, corn

Diecious:

Staminate and pistilate flowers on separate plants- ginko, etc.

Self-pollinating:

Pollen from a single plant able to fertilize own egg in female flower.

Cross-pollinating:

Pollen from another plant required to fertilize egg in female flower.

smallest seed

orchid fam

largest seed

sea coconut

monocot stores energy in

endosperm

dicot stores energy in

cotyledons

mitosis occurs in

meristem- tips of stems and branches and tips of roots

two types of plant growth control

mechanical- seed coat and physiological- hormones

hormones:

Chemical substances that control or influence cellular activities

auxin types:

IAA, PAA, IBA, and 4-chloroIAA

Auxins:

causes cell growth by elongation

where usually has the highest concentration of auxins

apical meristem

Cytokinis:

causes cell growth by division and multiplication (G2-mitosis)

gibberellins:

causes cell growth by elongation; involved in dwarf stock

Auxins:

involved in differentiation of vascular tissue, control cellular elongation, prevention of abscission, involved in apical dominance and various tropisms, stimulate the release of ethylene, enhance fruit development

Cytokinins:

Affect cell division, delay senescence, activate dormant buds

Gibberellins:

Initiate mobilization of storage materials in seeds during germination, cause elongation of stems, stimulate bolting in biennials, stimulate pollen tube growth

Abscisic Acid:

Maintains dormancy in seeds and buds, stimulates the closing of stomata

Ethylene:

Causes ripening of climacteric fruits, promotes abscission, causes formation of aerenchyma tissue in submerged stems, determines sex in cucurbits

Jasmonates:

Involved in response to environmental stresses, control germination of seeds

Brassinollides:

Promote of elongation, stimulate flowering, promote cell division, can affect tropic curvature

Salicylic Acid:

Activates genes involved with plant's defense mechanisms

4 regions of root anatomy

root cap, cell division (apical meristem), elongation, differentiation (maturity)

phototropism:

grow to/away from light- + or -

Photoperiodism:

respond to amount of daylight and darkness

3 non-mineral nutrients:

C, H, O

6 macronutrients:

primary: N, P, K and secondary: Ca, Mg, S. tend to be less available in soils with low pH

8 micronutrients:

Fe, Ni, Cl, Cu, Mn, Zn, Mo, B. micronutrients tend to be less available in soils with high pH

others:

cobalt, selenium, sodium, and silicon

iron:

Immobile; Yellow or white areas on youngest leaves.

chlorine:

Immobile; Wilting, and leaf chlorosis at margins

copper:

Immobile; Twisted stems and leaves.

zinc:

Mobile; Interveinal chlorosis of older leaves.

boron:

Immobile; Young leaves light green and distorted.

manganese:

Immobile; Yellow/white leaves w/ green veins

molybdenum:

Mobile; Narrow leaves w/ interveinal yellowing on older leaves

dairy cattle breeds:

Ayrshire, brown swiss, guernsey, holstein, milking shorthorn, and jersey

beef cattle breeds:

Simmental, angus (1), Brahman, Hereford (2), Charolais, and Gelbvieh

Bull:

Male animal with intact reproductive system

Cow:

Adult female that has produced a calf

Heifer:

Young female that has not produced a calf

Calf:

Male or female offspring of a cow. A more detailed description could be used such as bull calf or heifer calf.

Steer:

Male animal that has been castrated and cannot breed

Veals:

Calves that are raised to 475-500 pounds

Market Steer:

raised to 1000-1200 pounds

Swine Breeds:

Berkshire, Hampshire (3), Duroc (2), Yorkshire (1), Landrace, and Poland China

Sheep breeds:

Lincoln, Dorset, Suffolk (3), Ramboullet (2), Hampshire, and Merino (1)

Goat breeds:

Alpine, Nubian (1-dairy), fainting, Lamancha, Boer (1-meat), Angora

chicken breeds:

white leghorn (1-eggs), cornish, plymouth rock, rhode island red, barred plymouth rock, cornish x plymouth rock (1-meat)

spermatogenesis

sperm

oogenesis

egg

factors in animal growth:

heredity, nutrition, and environment

hypertrophy:

cell size increase

hyperplasia:

cell number increase

growth two major phases:

prenatal and postnatal

maturity:

nutrients for fat, not growth

physiologic aging:

bone solidification

chronologic aging:

age in years

nutrition for soybean and corn crude protein:

44% soybean 10% corn.

general ration requirement for crude protein

14-16%