🧪química ⚛️

Periods

Organization of elements in seven horizontal rows

Groups or families

18 vertical columns the elements of the same group share similar properties

Periodic trends

Refer to the behaviors of the properties of chemical elements

Electronic configuration

Is the arrangement of all the electrons of an element in energy levels and sublevels

Physical properties metals

Good conductors of electricity

Ductile

Malleable and lustrous

High melting points

Good conductors of heat

Solids (except mercury)

Physical properties of nonmetals

Poor conductors of electricity

Not ductile

Solids, liquids, or gases

Low melting points

Poor conductors of heat

Opaque

Chemical properties of metals

React with acids

For basic oxides; react with acids

Form cations

Form ionic halides

Chemical properties of nonmetals

Do not react with acids

For acidic oxides; react with bases

Form anions

Form covalent halides

Atomic number

Total number of protons that form the atomic nucleus of a specific chemical element

Atomic mass

Mass of an atom

Electronegativity

Relative ability of an atom to attract electrons from another atom to bond chemically and form a compound

Density

The radio of mass to volume

Melting point

The Temperature at which solid matter changes to the liquid state

Boiling point

The temperature at which a liquid changes to the gaseous state

Van der Waals radius

Half the distance between two atoms interacting through electrostatic forces in equilibrium

Ionic radious

The radius of a monatomic ion in and ionic crystal structure.