SOLIDS, LIQUIDS AND GASES

density

mass per unit volume of material

pressure

force applied per unit area

how does pressure work with gases and liquids at rest

1. pressure at any point acts equally in all directions

2. pressure increases with depth

what is the coldest an object can get

ABSOLUTE ZERO → particles energy decreases with temperature, there is minimum energy particles can have

• -273C = 0 Kelvin

particle theory about gas, KE store proportional to temp

1. gas consists of very small particles, constantly moving in random directions

2. particles collide with eachother and walls

3. if you increase temp = particles gain more energy

4. heat a gas = average speed of particles increase

how does particle theory show gas particles colliding creates pressure:

and heating up?

1. particle theory says gas particles are constantly moving in random directions and collide with eachother and walls

2. they exert a force on them and momentum + direction changes

3. in a sealed container → creates outward pressure

1. if you heat a gas, particles move faster and have more energy in KE stores

2. this means particles hit walls harder more frequently creating more pressure

3. if u put same amount in bigger container, pressure decrease - fewer collisons