Antiemetic Drugs

A collection of 40 flashcards focusing on the key vocabulary and concepts related to antiemetic drugs, their classifications, and pharmacological details.

Antiemetic

Drugs used to prevent or treat nausea and vomiting.

Serotonin Receptor Antagonists

A class of antiemetics including ondansetron, used primarily for chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting (CINV).

Dopamine Antagonists

Medications like promethazine and prochlorperazine that block dopamine receptors to reduce nausea.

Motion Sickness

A condition that can cause nausea and vomiting; commonly treated with scopolamine.

Chemotherapy Induced Nausea/Vomiting (CINV)

Nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy treatments.

Ondansetron (Zofran®)

A serotonin antagonist used to treat nausea associated with chemotherapy and surgery.

QT Prolongation

A potential adverse effect of ondansetron that increases the risk of serious heart arrhythmias.

Cannabinoids

A class of drugs, including dronabinol, used for nausea and as an appetite stimulant.

Scopolamine

An anticholinergic drug used to treat motion sickness and postoperative nausea and vomiting.

Extrapyramidal Symptoms (EPS)

Drug-induced movement disorders commonly associated with dopamine antagonists.

Anticholinergic Effects

Side effects related to drugs that block acetylcholine, including dry mouth and constipation.

Dronabinol (Marinol®)

A cannabinoid used for treatment of CINV and as an appetite stimulant.

Serotonin (5-HT) Receptors

Receptors involved in the mechanism of action for certain antiemetic medications.

Dopamine (D2) Receptors

Receptors in the brain targeted by dopamine antagonists to treat nausea.

Promethazine (Phenergan®)

A dopamine antagonist used to treat postoperative nausea and vomiting.

Prochlorperazine

A phenothiazine used to control severe nausea and vomiting.

Metoclopramide

A prokinetic and dopamine antagonist used to treat nausea and gastroparesis.

Apomorphine

A dopamine agonist sometimes used in the treatment of nausea and vomiting.

Tardive Dyskinesia

A serious, potentially irreversible movement disorder caused by long-term use of dopamine antagonists.

Benzodiazepines

A class of medications that may compound sedation when used with antiemetics.

Ginger

An herbal remedy used for treatment of nausea, including morning sickness and motion sickness.

Hydroxyzine

An antihistamine used to treat nausea and anxiety-related conditions.

Meclizine (Antivert®)

An antihistamine indicated for motion sickness and vestibular disorders.

Doxylamine + Vitamin B6

A combination used to treat nausea during pregnancy, marketed as Diclegis®.

Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome

A condition characterized by recurrent episodes of severe vomiting with no obvious cause.

Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone (CTZ)

The area in the brain that senses toxins and can trigger the vomiting reflex.

Anticipatory Nausea/Vomiting

Nausea that occurs before treatment, triggered by anxiety or prior experiences.

Phenergan®

Brand name for promethazine, used for treating nausea and vomiting.

Non-phenothiazines

A group of drugs like haloperidol used for antiemetic purposes, differing from phenothiazines.

M1 Receptors

Muscarinic receptors involved in the mechanism of action of anticholinergic medications.

Respiratory Depression

A serious side effect that can occur with medications like promethazine in pediatric patients.

Metal-Risk Patches

Certain transdermal patches that pose risks in MRI due to metal components.