Child Development Stages and Theories

These flashcards cover the key concepts and studies from the lecture on child development stages and theories.

Preoperational Stage

Cognitive development stage from ages 2-7 characterized by symbolic thought and egocentrism.

Egocentric

A limitation where a child has difficulty seeing another person's point of view.

Centrism

Focusing on only one aspect of a situation, leading to difficulties in conservation and class inclusion tasks.

Theory of mind

Understanding human mental processes, including emotions, perceptions, intentions, and thoughts.

False belief

A cognitive understanding where a child recognizes that others can hold beliefs that are false.

Development of self-consciousness

Emerging self-awareness and emotional understanding, typically involving reflection on one's own behavior.

Delay of gratification

The ability to wait for a preferred reward, exemplified in the Marshmallow task.

Parenting styles

Diana Baumrind's categorization of parenting approaches: authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and disengaged.

Sociodramatic play

Play involving symbolic representations and make-believe scenarios.

Conservation Task

A test used to examine a child's ability to understand that quantity does not change despite shape or arrangement.

Incremental views

The belief that intelligence can be developed over time, leading to better performance compared to fixed views.

Sociometric techniques

Methods used to assess children's social relationships by having them rank their peers.

Bullying circle

Framework describing the roles individuals play in the dynamics of bullying in social settings.

Helicopter Parents

Overly cautious parents who interfere excessively in their child's learning and independence.

Free-range parents

Parents who allow significant freedom and autonomy to their children.

Social comparison

Evaluating oneself in relation to others, which can impact self-esteem.

Robber’s Cave Study

An experiment that explored intergroup conflict and cooperation by studying boys in competitive teams.