Multi-Store Model of Memory and Reconstructive Memory Theory

Flashcards covering key concepts and terms related to the Multi-Store Model of Memory and the Theory of Reconstructive Memory.

Multi-Store Model of Memory

Proposes that memory consists of three separate stores: sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM).

Sensory Memory

The first memory store; receives information from the senses and lasts a few seconds with a large capacity but limited duration.

Short-Term Memory (STM)

Stores information for about 30 seconds, with a capacity of around 7 items, mainly encoded acoustically.

Maintenance Rehearsal

Repeating information to keep it in STM and help transfer it to LTM.

Long-Term Memory (LTM)

Potentially unlimited duration and capacity; mainly encoded semantically and can store information long-term.

Elaborative Rehearsal

Linking new information to existing knowledge to facilitate transfer to LTM.

Encoding

The way in which information is stored in memory; predominantly acoustic in STM and semantic in LTM.

Theory of Reconstructive Memory

Proposes that memory is not a perfect recording but is reconstructed using prior knowledge and experience.

Schemas

Mental frameworks built from past experiences that help interpret events and fill in missing details.

Reconstruction

Combining actual events with expectations and knowledge when recalling a memory.

Leading Questions

Questions that suggest a particular answer and can distort memory.

Confabulation

Recalling incorrect details confidently without intending to lie.

False Memory

A memory of an event that did not occur or happened differently than remembered.

Clive Wearing Case Study

Demonstrated that STM to LTM transfer is impaired due to brain damage.

Braun, Ellis & Loftus (2002) Study

Showed that advertising can create false autobiographical memories.