Dietary Considerations for the Life Cycle

Calcium, Phosphorus, and Vitamin D

Which nutrients are critical to include in a prenatal diet to support fetal tooth and bone development?

6th week

At what week of intrauterine life does fetal tooth development begin

4 months

When does the calcification of primary dentition begin during fetal development?

400 µg

What is the recommended minimum daily intake of folate/folic acid for pregnant individuals to prevent neural tube defects?

4 to 5 months in utero

What is the typical eruption timeline of primary incisors?

5 to 6 months in utero

What is the typical eruption timeline of primary molars?

3 to 4 months

What is the typical eruption timeline of permanent central incisors?

10 to 12 months

What is the typical eruption timeline of permanent lateral incisors

4 to 5 months

What is the typical eruption timeline of permanent canine?

1.5 to 2.5 years

What is the typical eruption timeline of permanent premolars?

At birth

What is the typical eruption timeline of permanent first molars?

2.5 to 3 years

What is the typical eruption timeline of permanent second molars?

Spina Bifida

Embryonic failure of fusion of one or more vertebral arches

Anencephaly

Absence of bones of the cranial vault and cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres

Encephalocele

Gap in the skull with herniation of the brain

Neural Tube Defects

• Spina bifida

• Malformation of the brain and skull

• Anencephaly

• Encephalocele

Pica

A condition where a person will crave and eat nonnutritive substances like ashes, dirt or laundry detergent

Pre and post conception

When is the ideal time for a patient to take prenatal vitamins?

300 calories

Starting from the 4th month of pregnancy, by how many calories should a patient increase their daily intake?

To avoid iron deficiency anemia

Why is adequate iron intake specifically emphasized during prenatal patient counseling?

Increase fluid intake and minimize processed foods

What nutritional counseling should be given regarding fluids and processed foods during pregnancy?

Breast milk and Formula

What should be exclusively provided for infants aged 4–6 months old?

A higher incidence of caries in primary teeth

What is the dental risk for children who are breastfed for less than 6 months?

Intestinal absorption: Inefficient
Renal function: Immature

How are the intestinal absorption and renal function characterized during infancy?

Early Childhood Caries (ECC)

Can be prevented by feeding the baby before putting them to bed

Inadequate Nutrition

A child’s failure to grow and develop at a normal rate often due to?

Primary teeth eruption

What major dental development milestone characterizes the infancy stage?

Toddlers

• Moving from a fluid diet to one that consists of more solid foods

• Become picky eaters due to decrease in appetite since rate of growth has dropped

Kwashiorkor

Protein deficiency during 1 to 5 years

Marasmus

Protein deficiency in infancy 0 to 1 year

Half adult size

How does the liver size of a school-age child compare to that of an adult?

Appetite is very good with snacks

What typically characterizes a school-age child's appetite and daily caloric source?

As a backup to an inadequate diet

When are vitamin/mineral supplements considered very important for a school-age child?

Eat away from Tv

What environment/behavioral recommendation is given for a school-age child during meals?

Exfoliation of primary teeth, eruption of permanent teeth and a growth spurt in long bones

Why is an increase in calcium specifically needed during the school-age stage?

Avoid using food as punishment, reward, or consolation

What psychological/behavioral trap should parents avoid regarding food and a school-age child?

Choosing soda over milk

What beverage substitution should be actively discouraged in school-age children?

Involve children in meal preparation

What is a positive way to engage a school-age child in behavioral nutrition and family dietary habits?

Teenagers

They make the least healthy food choices of any life cycle group. Influences: peer pressure, acne control, muscle building, and weight control

Praise good food choices and ignore the others

What behavioral reinforcement strategy should be used when discussing dietary choices with a teenager?

Cariostatic snacks

What type of snacks should be recommended to a teenager for caries prevention, and what are some examples?

Age 15

At what maximum linear growth is reached by male?

Age 13

At what maximum linear growth is reached by female?

Osteoporosis

Reduction in bone density increases risk for?

Sarcopenia

Loss of lean body mass can lead to gain in body fat

Decrease

Basal metabolic rates in older adults are?

Reduced

Energy requirement per kg of body weight in older adults are?

Peristalsis

Slowing of gastrointestinal motility