Abnormal Psychology

Individuals who have alcohol problems tend to come from families with other individuals who have alcohol problems. This suggests that __________.

a. both genetic and environmental factors cause an individual to have alcohol problems

b. environmental factors cause an individual to have alcohol problems

c. although there is an association between genetics and alcoholism, no cause-effect relationship can be concluded

d. genetic factors cause an individual to have alcohol problems

c. although there is an association between genetics and alcoholism, no cause-effect relationship can be concluded

The 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) is produced by __________.

a. the American Psychiatric Association

b. the American Medical Association

c. the World Health Organization

d. the American psychological Association

c. the World Health Organization

A researcher who studies children who are home-schooled, and compares them to children who attend school, is using the __________ research method.

a. experimental

b. correlational

c. epidemiological

d. case study

b. correlational

Martine believes that the trees on her family farm occasionally speak to her. In deciding if Martine has a mental illness or not, which of the following should first be evaluated?:

a. How old is Martine?

b. Is Martine's belief consistent with the beliefs of her culture?

c. Does her belief match any of the symptoms in the disorder in the DSM-5?

d. Do people in general consider Martine's belief to be abnormal?

b. Is Martine's belief consistent with the beliefs of her culture?

What is epidemiology?:

a. the study of the distribution of diseases, disorders, or health-related behaviors in a given population

b. the sociological study of psychological disorders

c. The study of organic brain diseases among different ethnic populations of a defined geographic region

d. the study of epidemics in the mental disorders among the general population

a. the study of the distribution of diseases, disorders, or health-related behaviors in a given population

Which of the following is an example of point prevalence?:

a. 80 people in one graduating class were diagnosed with bulimia at some time during the past four years

b. 50 people had panic attack in the last year

c. 12% of women will suffer from depressive disorder before the age of 30

d. 15% of the population is currently experiencing symptoms of anxiety

d. 15% of the population is currently experiencing symptoms of anxiety

Which of the following is an example of family aggregation?:

a. Karen, her mother, and her grandmother have all been diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder

b. Jim and John, 21-year-old friends, are both schizophrenics

c. Kim committed suicide, apparently in reaction to her mother's abuse

d. both Jane and her husband are alcoholics

a. Karen, her mother, and her grandmother have all been diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder

Why is it inaccurate and poor scientific judgment to make conclusions based on case studies?:

a. few patients are willing to be used as case studies

b. conclusions based on so little data are likely to be flawed

c. it is ethical

d. case studies can provide little information about a disorder

b. conclusions based on so little data are likely to be flawed

What does Monique's case, outlined in the textbook, best illustrate?

a. when people suffer from mental disorder, they are unable to work or live independently

b. most people who suffer from abnormal behavior are quickly identified as deviant by other people

c. abnormal behavior covers a wide range of behavioral disturbances

d. abnormal behavior usually produces distress in others than in the person who engages in the abnormal behavior

c. abnormal behavior covers a wide range of behavioral disturbances

What is the term for the statistical approach that calculates and then combines the effect sizes from multiple studies?

a. multiple-effect analysis

b. correlational analysis

c. meta-analysis

d. effect analysis

c. meta-analysis

Cliff Beers is best known for:

a. publicizing the brutality that many mental patients experienced from being restrained in straitjackets

b. his tireless efforts leading to the establishment of over thirty mental hospitals

c. developing the first effective antidepressant

d. his vigorous rejection of the Victorian idea that sexual fantasies caused mental disorders

a. publicizing the brutality that many mental patients experienced from being restrained in straitjackets

Who is considered the founder of American psychiatry?

a. Clifford Beers

b. Benjamin Rush

c. Dorothea Dix

d. William Tuke

c. Dorothea Dix

Sigmund Freud and Josef Breuer proposed that allowing patients to discuss their problems under hypnosis would provide a therapeutic emotional release. What is this emotional release called?:

a. mesmerism

b. catharsis

c. dream analysis

d. free association

b. catharsis

in 1893, Breuer and Freud published a paper on hysteria. In it, they announced that:

a. many forms of mental disorder are conscious result of seeking attention from others

b. hysteria and hypnosis were both the result of neurological abnormalities

c. unconscious factors can determine behavior and produce mental disorders

d. hysteria was caused by hypnosis

c. unconscious factors can determine behavior and produce mental disorders

Dorothea Dix:

a. was a leading force in the emphasis on finding biological cures for mental disorders

b. was a major impediment to the mental hygiene movement in the United States

c. urged that religious conversion should be a primary means of treatment for the mentally disturbed

d. is credited with establishing numerous humane hospitals in at least 20 states

d. is credited with establishing numerous mental hospitals in at least 20 states

Sigmund Freud and Josef Breuer proposed that allowing patients to discuss their problems under hypnosis would provide a therapeutic emotional release. What is this emotional release called?:

a. the publication of "The Snake Pit"

b. research funded by the National Institutes of Mental Health

c. The publication of "A Mind That Found Itself"

d. The passage of the Community Health Services Act

a. The publication of "The Snake Pit"

Which of the following statements describes how the four humors were used to explain the concept of temperament?:

a. this system of measurement was the first indication that ancient people recognized the significance of the brain in determining behavior

b. the four fluids combined in different proportions within individuals, and temperament was determined by the most dominant humor

c. fluids were tested by drawing blood and using a system of weights and balances to determine the most dominant humor

d. a person's natural physical response (hot, cold, sweat, dry) after exposure to earth, air, fire, or water revealed the dominant humor

b. the four fluids combined in different proportions within individuals and temperament was determined by the most dominant humor

A common treatment for mental illness during the Middle Ages in Europe was administered by a __________ and consisted of __________:

a. surgeon; brain surgery and banishment to an asylum for the mentally ill

b. physician; psychoanalytic dream interpretation

c. priest; prayer, holy water, and laying on of hands

d. scientist; fresh air and supportive surroundings

c. priest; prayer, holy water, and the laying on of hands

Compared to views of mental illness in the West, those in China during the "Dark Ages" __________:

a. reached a sophisticated level but they regressed to a belief in evil-spirit possession, although not for as long as in the West, and with less severe treatment for patients

b. were always that mental illness was due to supernatural forces, a belief still prevalent in modern-day China

c. were always more sophisticated, with the focus on medical causes and humane treatment

d. began at a less sophisticated level and they regressed to a belief in supernatural forces, as in the West, although this occurred earlier and with a more negative reaction to patients

a. reached a sophisticated level; but they regressed to a belief in evil-spirit possession, although not for as long as in the West, and with less severe treatment for patients

By the end of the nineteenth century:

a. asylums were recognized as humanitarian institutions that served an important function

b. effective treatments had been developed for many forms of mental illness

c. alienists had taken control of insane asylums and incorporated moral management therapy

d. most mental hospitals effectively addressed the physical needs of patients but ignored other needs

c. alienists had taken control of insane asylums and incorporated moral management therapy

Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between temperament and adult personality?:

a. temperament remains highly stable from birth through adolescence

b. infant dimensions of effortful control are related to adult conscientiousness

c. infant temperament is not correlated to adult personality traits

d. infant fearfulness and irritability correspond to adult extroversion

a. temperament remains highly stable from birth through adolescence

A protective factor is:

a. a distal causal factor for a mental disorder

b. an influence that modifies a person's response to genetic problems

c. an influence that decreases the likelihood of negative outcomes among those with some risks

d. a biological makeup that makes people more resistant to stress

c. an influence that decreases the likelihood of negative outcomes among those with some risk

Cognitive-behavioral psychologists believe that abnormal behavioral:

a. results from impaired patterns of interpersonal relationships

b. results from neurotic thought processes

c. results from distorted thinking and information processing

d. consists of learned maladaptive response patterns

c. results from distorted thinking and information processing

Which of the following is a criticism of traditional psychoanalytic theory.

a. it underemphasizes the sex drive

b. it has an overly positive view of women

c. it focuses too much on symptoms and not enough on underlying causes

d. it lacks scientific evidence

d. it lacks scientific evidence

A couple is in counseling. The woman states that she drinks because he rejects her. The man states that he rejects her because she drinks. It appears that, in this example of bidirectionality, __________:

a. the drinking is probably the actual predisposing cause for the problems in the marriage

b. the drinking and rejection are caused by another, third variable unknown to the couple

c. the drinking and rejection influence and maintain each other

d. the rejection is probably the actual predisposing cause for the problems in the marriage

c. the drinking and rejection influence and maintain each other

Dr. Simonetti, a psychiatrist, takes a biopsychosocial viewpoint of psychopathology. Which of the following treatments is she most likely to suggest for Jenny's current state of debilitating anxiety?:

a. family therapy and a change in her work environment

b. a combination of psychological therapy and anti-anxiety medication

c. intense psychotherapy

d. a prolonged vacation

b. a combination of psychological therapy and anti-anxiety medication

The Catholic Christian Meta-Model of the Person (CCMMP) is:

a. an integrative model that blends the contributions of medicine, philosophy, theology, and psychology

b. stives to convert patients to Christianity

c. none of the answers are true

d. looks at sin as the sole reason for mental illness

a. an integrative model that blends the contributions of medicine, philosophy, theology, and psychology

For most of her childhood, Arielle was subjected to physical and emotional abuse at the hands of her father. As an adult, Arielle suffers from severe depression. Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between Arielle's abuse and her depression?:

a. depression is a result of genetics and was passed down to Arielle by her father

b. Arielle's childhood abuse caused her adult depression

c. Arielle's childhood abuse is correlated with her adult depression

d. Arielle's depression is coincidental and is unrelated to her childhood abuse

c. Arielle's childhood abuse is correlated with her adult depression

Making a new experience fit existing frameworks is associated with __________; changing our existing frameworks to incorporate a new experience is associated with __________:

a. self-efficacy; self-identity

b. assimilation; accommodation

c. positive attributions; negative attributions

d. accommodation; assimilation

b. assimilation; accommodation

It is important to take a holistic and multi-faceted approach to understanding mental illness given the complexity of the human person:

a. true

b. false

a. true

According to the DSM-5, acute stress disorder becomes PTSD when:

a. the trauma is an event out of the realm of normal life experience

b. the symptoms last for more than 4 weeks

c. the symptoms last for more than two weeks

d. the symptoms begin within six months of the trauma

b. the symptoms last for more than four weeks

The term "stress" is used in the test to refer to:

a. any positive demand made on an organism

b. only those external events in our lives that challenge us

c. the effects of external stressors within the organism

d. anything that makes us unhappy

c. the effects of external stressors within the organism

The stress glucocorticoid that is produced in humans is called __________ and __________:

a. estrogen; does not respond to stress

b. cortisol; prepares the body for fight or flight

c. adrenaline; is always stable

d. serotonin; prepares body for sleep

b. cortisol; prepares the body for fight of flight

The main categories of PTSD symptoms include the following:

a. Arousal and Reactivity Symptoms

b. all the answers are correct

c. Cognition and Mood Symptoms

d. Avoidance Symptoms

e. Re-Experiencing Symptoms

b. all the answers are correct

In the recently revised Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), a new category has been added. What is this new category?:

a. trauma- and stress-related disorders

b. stress not specified

c. positive stressor disorders

d. stress and psychopathology

a. trauma- and stress-related disorders

Adjustment Disorder is a common diagnosis for individuals who are experiencing the stressors of life but who do not meet the criteria for Acute Stress Disorder or PTSD:

a. true

b. false

a. true

Research has indicated that some individuals with PTSD have decreased volume in their _____. This part of the brain is highly involved in the formation and retrieval of memories:

a. hippocampus

b. temporal lobe

c. prefrontal cortex

d. Broca's Area

a. hippocampus

Which of the following responses exemplifies the characteristic most beneficial after loss or trauma?:

a. "I realize my life won't be the same, but I have a great support system and I will be stronger."

b. "I don't understand why this happened. Why me? Is this a sign that the universe is against me?"

c. "I know it's been ten years since the accident, but I still need to talk about it and can't get past it."

d. "This is awful! My life is ruined, and I don't know how I will recover from this loss."

a. "I realize my life won't be the same, but I have a great support system and I will be stronger."

Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between predisposition to stress and the experience of stress?:

a. high levels of optimism and self-esteem improve a person's ability to cope with stress

b. adolescents raised by depressed parents are themselves more resilient to stressful events

c. environmental factors rather than genetics determine one's coping style for stress

d. children are most vulnerable to severe stressors such as divorce and remarriage

a. high levels of optimism and self-esteem improve a person' ability to cope with stress

The part of the limbic system that regulates our "fight or flight" response and is highly implicated in PTSD is ______:

a. hypothalamus

b. basal ganglia

c. amygdala

d. hippocampus

c. amygdala

What does research indicate is the best treatment for phobias?:

a. medication

b. family therapy

c. psychoanalysis

d. exposure therapy

d. exposure therapy

Gradual exposure to feared cues is:

a. likely to make someone with an anxiety disorder worse in the long term

b. a useful treatment for phobias but not for the other anxiety disorder

c. an old treatment for anxiety disorder that is no longer used

d. a common component of treatment for all anxiety disorders

d. a common component of treatment for all anxiety disorders

Which of the following is unique about obsessive-compulsive disorder, as compared to other anxiety disorders?:

a. it is a culture-bound disorder

b. the incidence is about equal for men and women

c. it afflicts more men than women

d. it usually begins in childhood

b. the incidence is about equal for men and women

The neurotransmitters most often implicated in the treatment of anxiety disorder include all of the following except:

a. acetylcholine

b. serotonin

c. GABA

d. norepinephrine

a. acetylcholine

__________ are the most common category of disorders for women and the second most common for men:

a. personality disorders

b. depressive disorders

c. learning disorders

d. anxiety disorder

d. anxiety disorders

Compulsive hair pulling is also referred to as:

a. pedophilia

b. frotteurism

c. hoarding

d. trichotillomania

d. trichotillomania

Research would indicate the following person would be most likely to develop an anxiety disorder:

a. female, with a temperament high on the aggression scale

b. female, with a temperament high on the neuroticism scale

c. male, with a temperament high on the behavioral inhibition scale

d. male, with a temperament high on the neuroticism scale

a. female, with a temperament high on the aggression aggression

In REBT therapy for the treatment of social anxiety, Dr. Link asserted that the most important factor of the ABC model is:

a. A, the activating event

b. B, ones' beliefs and perceptions about the event

c. C, the emotional consequences

b. B, one's beliefs and perceptions about the event

Body Dysmorphic Disorder is characterized by:

a. obsessions with perceived or imagined flaws of their body

b. having compulsive checking behaviors regarding their flaws

c. all the answers are correct

d. often isolating or avoiding activities due to their perceived flaws

c. all the answers are correct

As mentioned in class, if you were attempting to induce the "fight of flight" response in Dr. Link, the quickest and easiest way to do this would be to expose him to a multitude of _____:

a. needles

b. snakes

c. spiders

d. rats

b. snakes

Which of the following is a typical symptom of panic attacks:

a. hallucinations

b. paranoia

c. delusions

d. urge to escape

d. urge to escape

Mindfulness would include all the following characteristics except:

a. compassionate toward self

b. non-judgmental toward thoughts

c. acting as an observant scientist

d. critical of the negative thoughts that arise

d. critical of the negative thoughts that arise

Thought-action fusion is:

a. a psychotic symptom that helps distinguish between anxiety disorders and psychotic disorder

b. the belief that thinking about something is as bad as actually doing it

c. the reason why trying to suppress unwanted thoughts often causes an increase in those thoughts

d. support for the preparedness theory of obsessive-compulsive disorder

b. the belief that thinking about something is as bad as actually doing it

Dr. Link spoke about "distraction" as being more beneficial than "engagement" in managing anxiety:

a. true

b. false

b. false

_____ is a form of OCD where one's obsessions and compulsions are centered on themes of holiness, sin, fear of God, and rituals of prayer and sacraments:

a. specific panic disorder

b. scrupulosity

c. OCD, religious type

d. none of the answers are correct

b. scrupulosity

Panic disorders are often misdiagnosed because:

a. the symptoms are so chronic and mild that they do not seem like serious forms of psychopathology

b. symptoms are physical and are treated by emergency or medical personnel as medical problems

c. patients are so embarrassed by their problems that they do not make them known to professionals

d. the symptoms overlaps so much with major depression

b. symptoms are physical and are treated by emergency or medical personnel as medical problems

What structures in the brain are most influential in the understanding and treatment of anxiety disorders?:

a. limbic system

b. cerebellum

c. endocrine system

d. premotor cortex

a. limbic system

Agoraphobia is the fear of:

a. facing ridicule and rejection in social situations

b. going out into public places

c. having panic attacks

d. being in a public space and having a panic attack

d. being in a public space and having a panic attack

Jessica's mother is afraid of snakes. Although Jessica has never actually seen a snake, her mother has told her time and again to be careful to look out for them when she is walking. Now Jessica has an intense fear of snakes and refuses to walk in the grass. This is an example of __________:

a. operant conditioning of phobia

b. vicarious conditioning of a phobia

c. unconscious displacement of anxiety onto a phobic object

d. classical conditioning of a phobia

b. vicarious conditioning of a phobia

It is fairly easy to condition monkeys and humans to fear snakes, but almost impossible to condition either to fear flowers. This supports the __________ theory of phobias:

a. classical conditioning

b. psychoanalytic

c. vicarious conditioning

d. preparedness/evolutionary

d. preparedness/ evolutionary

Donna receives her paper back from her instructor. It is marked with an A grade and has several positive comments. The instructor has also suggested Donna reword one small section. Donna becomes extremely upset and tells her friends that her instructor hated the paper and wants her to redo it. This is an example of __________:

a. dichotomous thinking

b. selective abstraction

c. arbitrary interference

d. learned helplessness

b. selective abstraction

An enduring sense of _____ has been theorized to be sufficient for the onset of major depression:

a. irritability

b. hopelessness

c. sadness

d. melancholy

b. hopelessness

Maggie has been suffering with persistent depressive disorder for several years and has sought treatment on several occasions. About a month ago, she developed more severe symptoms of depression, which have been maintained almost daily. The condition Maggie is experiencing is best described as __________:

a. chronic melancholia

b. double depression

c. recurring melancholic depression

d. adjustment disorder with bipolar features

b. double depression

What are the two key moods involved in mood disorders?:

a. anger and mania

b. anger and depression

c. mania and depression

d. sadness and anxiety

c. mania and depression

One criterion for diagnosing a manic episode is __________:

a. that it cycles every 3 days for a month

b. that schizophrenia is diagnosed as a comorbid condition

c. increasing and unusual talkativeness that is often pressured

d. that the episode can be associated with the side effects of medications

c. increasing and unusual talkativeness that is often pressured

Aaron Beck's negative cognitive triad involves feeling negatively about __________:

a. helplessness, hopelessness, and sorrow

b. one's past, one's present, and one's future

c. one's family, one's self, and one's friends

d. one's self, one's world, and one's future

d. one's self, one's world, and one's future

Which of the following is a true statement about rumination, according to Nolen-Hoeksema's ruminative response styles theory?:

a. men tend to ruminate more than women

b. biological factors have been most clearly linked to the development of rumination in those who do not have a family history of mood disorders

c. rumination is a protective factor against depression

d. people who ruminate a great deal tend to have longer periods of depressive symptoms

d. people who ruminate a great deal tend to have longer periods of depressive symptoms

No matter what prisoners do, they cannot escape. Eventually, they become passive and depressed. This illustrates the central idea in Seligman's __________ model of depression:

a. attribution

b. learned helplessness

c. behavioral

d. depressogenic schema

b. learned helplessness

What theory states that dissociative identity disorder is a response to early childhood traumatization and reflects a coping mechanism against powerlessness and hopelessness?:

a. protectionist theory

b. trauma theory

c. compartmentalization theory

d. abuse-reaction theory

b. trauma-theory

Dissociation:

a. is extremely rare and not necessarily pathological

b. only occurs in people with a dissociative disorder

c. is a sign that something is seriously wrong

d. is extremely common and not necessarily pathological

b. is extremely common and not necessarily pathological

What disorder would include intentionally taking drugs in order to stimulate various real illnesses?:

a. factitious disorder

b. dissociative identity disorder

c. malingering

d. Somatization disorder

a. factitious disorder

Individuals with somatic symptom disorders __________:

a. usually have little concern over their state of health

b. intentionally fake their illnesses in order to obtain some special treatment

c. have a significant physical cause for their illness

d. experience distressing bodily symptoms that cause impairment

d. experience distressing bodily symptoms that cause impairment

Which of the following is a way to distinguish between someone with conversion disorder and someone who is malingering?:

a. people with conversion disorder will be very cautious in talking about their symptoms; malingerers are very willing to talk about them

b. people with conversion disorder are very willing to talk about their symptoms; malingerers will be more cautious

c. if their symptoms are shown to be inconsistent, people with conversion disorder become very defensive, while malingerers do not

d. people with conversion disorder are usually very defensive; malingerers will try to seem very open and trusting

a. people with conversion disorder are very willing to talk about their symptoms; malingerers will be more cautious

Which of the following disorders was once the most frequently diagnosed disorder among soldiers in World War I and very common during World War II?:

a. conversion disorder

b. acute anxiety disorder

c. dissociative identity disorder

d. hypochondriasis

a. conversion disorder

__________ refers to the understanding that symptoms of dissociation are associated with many different forms of psychopathology?:

a. transdiagnostic

b. multi-diagnostic

c. psychopathological network

d. poly diagnostic

a. transdiagnostic

Which of the following statements summarizes the posttraumatic theory for the origin of dissociative identity disorder?:

a. genetically programmed tendencies to dissociate are triggered by stress

b. therapists unwittingly reinforce role-playing of alter identities

c. children deal with severe abuse by creating alters who provide an "escape"

d. the rewards of avoiding punishment by the legal systems induce people to fake symptoms.

c. children deal with severe abuse by creating alters who provide an "escape"

Why has the term "multiple personality disorder" been replaced with "dissociative identity disorder"?:

a. fully developed personalities are not present in dissociative identity disorder, just varying expressions of different aspects of the patient's personality

b. the old term was often used to refer to both schizophrenia and dissociative identity disorder, thus a new term was needed to end the confusion

c. a new diagnostic term was wanted to remove some of the stigma associated with the old term and its presentation in the media

d. the word "multiple" suggested the presence of more identities than were commonly observed

a. fully developed personalities are not present in dissociative identity disorder, just varying expressions of different aspects of the patient's personality

A person with illness anxiety disorder has a preoccupation with __________:

a. having an anxiety attack

b. having or acquiring a serious illness

c. small objects that appear at night on the horizon

d. making other people sick

b. having or acquiring a serious illness

Sheena is 5 feet 6 inches tall and weighs 85 pounds. She is very concerned about her weight and body image. At times, however, she finds herself eating large amounts of food-several boxes of cookies, gallons of ice cream, entire cakes-all in one evening. Afterwards, she makes herself throw up. Sheena's most likely diagnosis is __________:

a. no disorder

b. anorexia nervosa/ restricting type

c. anorexia nervosa, binge-eating/purging type

d. bulimia nervosa, purging type

c. anorexia nervosa, binge-eating/purging

Rates of eating disorders tend to be much lower in black women than in white women. However, one factor that can increase risk in black women is __________:

a. whether they are recent immigrants

b. assimilation into white culture and middle-class values

c. age-younger black women have higher rate of eating disorder than older black women

d. weight-very overweight black women have the same rates of eating disorder as whites do

b. assimilation into white culture and middle-class values

What is unique about binge-eating disorder (BED) when compared to the other eating disorders found in DSM-5?

a. the patient age is usually older

b. it develops earlier in life than other eating disorders

c. those with BED are commonly of normal body weight

d. few of those with BED weight-related health problems

a. the patient is usually older

Anastasia has anorexia nervosa, restricting type. Which of the following behaviors would you expect her to have?:

a. normal menstrual periods

b. occasional bouts of overeating

c. cutting up her food into little pieces when she eats

d. self-induced vomiting

c. cutting up her food into little pieces when she eats

Darhma is overweight. She likes to eat cookies and other sugary snacks, and often eats an entire package at one sitting. She is upset by this because she knows how important weight is to health, but she does not engage in inappropriate compensatory behaviors such as the use of laxatives or purging. Which of the following would be a likely diagnosis?:

a. purging disorder

b. bulimia nervosa

c. anorexia nervosa

d. binge-eating disorder

d. binge-eating disorder

Eloise binges on high-calorie foods and then makes herself throw up. She feels terribly ashamed and horrified by what she does. What would you predict that Eloise will do:

a. she will stop because her vomiting is being punished by the feelings of disgust and shame

b. she will not stop, because her vomiting is reinforced by reducing her fear of gaining weight

c. she will not stop, because she has become addicted to vomiting

d. she will stop making herself throw up because she is ashamed and distressed

b. she will not stop, because her vomiting is reinforced by reducing her fear of gaining weight

Which of the following appears to be an enduring personality trait of people who are susceptible to developing an eating disorder?:

a. learned helplessness

b. pessimism

c. individualism

d. perfectionism

d. perfectionism

All of the following are examples of cognitive distortions that influence eating disorders except:

a. overgeneralization

b. self-verification thinking

c. all or nothing thinking

d. magnification or minimization

b. self-verification thinking

Men tend to develop eating disorders secondary to a disordered desire to a be fit, strong, and "not thin.":

a. true

b. false

a. true

Binge-eating disorder:

a. cannot be diagnosed if a person is overweight

b. is an extremely rare variant of bulimia nervosa

c. involves binges comparable to those in bulimia but without any inappropriate "compensatory" behavior to limit weight gain

d. is diagnosed when a person binges and then purges by using laxatives or self-induced vomiting

c. involves binges comparable to those in bulimia but without any inappropriate "compensatory" behavior to limit weight gain

Tomas tells you that he can make his roommate take out the trash simply by thinking about his roommate doing it. He agrees that this could sometimes just be a coincidence, but he seems to truly believe that he can sometimes get people to do things just by thinking about it. You find him understandable when he talks, but sometimes hard to follow. His clothes are messy and don't match. He tells you not to tell anyone about his power, because he knows others don't like him because they are jealous, and they would hurt him if they could. The best diagnosis for Tomas is __________:

a. schizoid personality disorder

b. paranoid personality disorder

c. schizotypal personality disorder

d. borderline personality disorder

c. schizotypal personality disorder

The most appropriate way in which to conceptualize personality is on a categorical, not dimensional, basis:

a. true

b. false

b. false

Involvement in an abusive relationship (as the one who is being abused) would be most expected of an individual with __________ personality disorder:

a. borderline

b. schizotypal

c. antisocial

d. dependent

d. dependent

Larry believes that he is the "star" of his graduate class and that the other students dislike him because they are jealous of his superior intelligence. He believes that he is entitled to be exempted from an important exam because of his outstanding performance in class. Larry probably suffers from __________:

a. dependent personality disorder

b. histrionic personality disorder

c. narcissistic personality disorder

d. schizoid personality disorder

c. narcissistic personality disorder

Which of the following is a Cluster C personality disorder:

a. paranoid

b. depressive

c. avoidant

d. schizoid

c. avoidant

Which of the following is the criterion for a personality disorder diagnosis?

a. the maladaptive behaviors are stable across time

b. signs of psychosis must be present

c. the person's behavior problem must not cause them distress or impairment

d. the patient's behavior must reflect a lack of impulse control

a. the maladaptive behaviors are stable across time

According to the research literature discussed in class, sociopaths are born, psychopaths are made

a. true

b. false

b. false

Edmund has been diagnosed with a Cluster A disorder. What is likely a significant characteristic of Edmund's personality?:

a. lack of emotional expression

b. trust in other people

c. secure attachment to others

d. oddness of eccentricity

d. oddness or eccentricity

One of the facets of the personality trait of neuroticism is:

a. excitement seeking

b. activity

c. assertiveness

d. angry-hostility

d. angry-hostility

Impulsivity and extreme instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and mood best characterize __________:

a. avoidant personality disorder

b. antisocial personality disorder

c. histrionic personality disorder

d. borderline personality disorder

d. borderline personality disorder

According to Dr. Link, the issue at hand is not whether or not there are individuals who experience gender dysphoria, but rather, what is the most accurate and effective form of treatment:

a. true

b. false

a. true

According to your instructor, human sexuality touches on the very core of who we are. Being created male and female, and the way in which we express our sexuality has profound implications for our mental health:

a. true

b. false

a. true