Chem chapter 12/13

Boiling point elevation

Boiling point of a solution is higher than the pure solvent

Freezing point depression

when freezing point of solution is lower than the pure solvent

electrolytes

Substance that breaks up into ions when dissolved and conduct electricity

nonelectrolytes

substance that does not form ions in solution or concut electrons

colloids

substance that contains particles that are larger than solution particles and scatter light

tyndall effect

light scattering effect that makes the beam of light visible (headlights in fog)

Unsaturated Solution

amount of solute dissolved is less than the max at a given temp

Saturated solution

holds the max amount of solute at a given temp

supersaturated

contains more than the max amount of solute at a given temp (unstable)

concentration

Measures the amount of solute dissolved in a specific amount of solvent

concentrated

Large amount of solute in small amount of solvent

dilute

small amount of solute in a large amount of solvent

dilution

The act of making a solution weaker by adding more solvent to it

molarity

moles of solute / L of solution

molality

noles of solute / kg of solvent

solute

being dissolved

solvent

doing the dissolving , “being dissolved into)

solution

homogenous mixture (same throughout)

solubility

the amount of solute that dissolves in a specific amount of solvent at a particular temp and pressure

miscible

2 liquids are miscible if one will dissolve in the other

immiscible

Liquids that are insoluble in one another

Colligative properties

properties of a substance that depend on the amount of concentration of solute particles in a solution, not on their identity.

-vapor pressure lowering

-boiling point elevation

-freezing point depression

-osmotic pressure

osmosis

The movement of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane from the side of lower solute concentration to the side of higher solute concentraion

semipermeable membrane

selective barrier allowing solvent molecules to pass through while blocking solute particles

suspension

particles in a solvent are so large that the settle out unless the mixture is constantly stirref

emulsion

type of colloidal dispersion where small droplets of one liquid are suspended throughout another normally immiscible liquid

similarities between suspensions, colloids and emulsions

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differences between suspensions, colloids and emulsions

-Solutions are homo, while colloids and suspensions are hetero.

-Suspensions will separate, colloids and emulsions dont

-suspensions have filtration, solutions and colloids cannot filter

-solutions dont scatter light, colloids scatter light, suspensions scatter light or stop it completely

parts of a solution

Solute- being dissolved

Solvent- doing the dissolving

factors affecting rate of dissolving

-stirring/agitation

-temperature

-surface area (crushed faster)