small animal health and disease

in some snakes and two species of lizards, teeth are connected to _____ glands

poison

what are two external parasites that attach themselves to reptiles?

mites and ticks

what compound is toxic to all reptiles?

phenolic

3 signs of metabolic bone disease in lizards and turtles?

rubber jaw, unable to move, soft shell

name of the epidermal scales on a turtle shell are called

scutes

what is the upper shell of a turtle called?

carapace

turtle jaws are covered with horny plates of skin and referred to as

beaks

name 5 species of turtles that can reach around and bite the hand of the restrainer if they are restrained by the sides of the shell

1. soft shell

2. mud

3. musk

4. snapping

5. side necked

what vitamin is a turtle deficient in if it as swollen crusty eyes and a discharge from the nose and mouth?

vit a

how do turtles get vit a deficienty?

eating only insects or poor quality fish

what happens if you overdose a turtle on vit a?

dry scaley skin and liver damage

what are the two names of the transparent outer covering of a snakes eye?

brille and spectacle

name 3 parasites of snakes and how to eliminate them

1. mites - ivermectin

2. amoebiasis - metronidazole

3. hookworms and lungworms - fenbendazole

what is another name for mouth rot in reptiles?

infectious stomatitis

what are three other species of snakes that give birth to live young instead of laying eggs?

watersnake, gartersnake, ribbonsnake

T or F: racer snakes are hatched from eggs

true

match snakes by eye shape:

a. round pupil

b. opaque scale covering

c. horizontal pupils

d. vertical pupils

__ arboreal snakes

__ burrowing snakes

__ noctural snakes

__ diurnal snakes

c, b, d, a

T or F: the green anole lizard female is larger than male

false

the australian blue tongue ____ has a large blue tongue and can produce up to ___ live young

skink; 25

what are the pigmented cells in chameleons that they use to change color?

chromotosphores

T or F: adult male iguanas are often too aggressive to keep as pets and end up in resuce shelters

true

what does the male lizard and iguana due prior to mating

bobbing its head up and down and showing bright colors

T or F: the water dragons diet is more carnivorous than that of the common iguana

True

what is the name of the adhesive pads on a geckos feet?

camellae

most male basilisks have a large crest of ____ along their backs

casque

the most serious of the systemic mycosis, having more bone involvement and requiring antifungal treatment for over 1 year is

a. blastomycosis

b. histoplasmosis

c. coccidiodomycosis

d. cryptococcosis

c

T or F: aspergillosis is the name of fungal organism with little yeast buds that causes common ear and skin infections with dogs

false

match the mycotic infection and most commonly affected system

a. histo

b. crypto

c. blasto

d. coccidio

CNS __

Bone __

Skin __
watery diarrhea __

B, D, C, A

match the tapeworm parasite w species

a. taenia pisiformis

b. echinococcus granulosus

c. diplylodium caninum

d. echinococcus multilocularis

sheep/ rodent __

flea __

mouse __

rabbit __

B,C,D,A

In Cats what is the systemic fungal infection responsible for nasal lesions found on the bridge of the nose or nasal cavity? It can even look like a fleshy mass protruding from one or both nostrils.

1. Histoplasmosis

2. Coccidioidomycosis

3. Cryptococcosis

4. Blastomycosis

crypto

T or F Coccidia is a protozoal parasite that can cause visceral larvae migrans.

false

Haemobartonella (mycoplasma) is also known as feline infectious ______

It is a parasite that attaches to the surface of mature red blood cells and when the immune system tries to destroy the parasite it actually lysis the red blood cells in the spleen causing anemia, jaundice/icterus, and increased bilirubin. The treatment is Doxycyline and Prednisone.

anemia

Name 3 protozoal parasites. (cats)

cytauxzoonosis

giardia

coccidia

T or F: Demodex Mites is common skin problem in young kittens similar to puppies.

false

What general items are Organophosphates and Carbamates and Pyrethrins usually found in?

pest control

List a plant from the toxic plant list and its treatment and its symptoms (cats)

angels trumpet

hallucinations, thirst, delirium

parasymtomimstric drugs

Match the treatments for the following parasite issues?

1. sulfadimethoxine or albon

2. doxycycline and prednisolone

3. revolution or heartgard

4. metronidizole x 5 days

5. clindamyein x 3 weeks

21. _____Hemobartonella/mycoplasma

22. ____Toxoplasmosis

23. ___ Giardia

24. ___ Heartworm prevention

25. _____Coccidia

2, 5, 4, 3, 1

24). Regarding Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV), which statement is FALSE?

1. is spread by bite wounds, saliva (mostly fighting cats, a lot of them are male)

2. has a controversial vaccine that will cause future blood testing to appear positive for FIV

3. symptoms are wt loss, diarrhea, gingival or oral disease, chronic resp and skin issues

4. is tested by looking for antibodies in the blood

(if + then the antibodies are either from mother, infection, or vaccine)

it has a dry form and a wet form

it has a dry and wet form

Regarding Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) what statement is FALSE?

a) Is a corona virus that has mutated and become potentially fatal without tx

b) Symptoms before mutation can be a low grade fever, vomiting, and soft stool or no signs at all

c) Dry form is hard to diagnose and seems like a "granuloma" forming somewhere

d) Wet form symptoms: fever, poor doer, swollen, fluid filled belly or chest cavity.

e) All of the above are true

all of the above

26. This virus causes upper respiratory infections with sneezing, coughing, conjunctivitis, fever, and depression It is also known as rhinotracheitis. It can cause painful corneal ulcers in the eyes. Once a cat is infected with this virus, it can be shed intermittently when the cat is stressed (causing chronic infections). Treatment is L-Lysine orally and expensive anti-viral eye drops.

Most cats are vaccinated 3 times as kittens and then annually as adults.

1. Calici Virus

2. Panleukopenia

3. Herpes Virus

4. Feline Leukemia Virus

herpes virus

Another virus, (similar to the cat herpes virus in question 26) also causing upper respiratory infections but having more ORAL ulcers and sometimes limping is called ____ virus

calici

What is the name of the feline RNA virus that is spread through saliva (mostly), respiratory secretions, milk, feces, and urine? It is transmitted through direct contact like grooming, sharing litter boxes or water bowls (basically friendly cat relations). It can cause anemia, cancer (lympho-sarcoma), or immunodeficiency. There is an antigen test and also a good vaccine. The vaccine DOES NOT interfere with the antigen test so most exposed outdoor cats get vaccinated.

a) Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)

b) Feline Leukemia Virus (FELV)

e) Feline Immunedefieieney Virus (FIV)

d) Feline Herpes Virus

FELV

Regarding Feline Panluekopenia, what is FALSE?

1. causes severe diarrhea, vomiting, anorexia, and dehydration in young kittens less than 16 weeks old

1. 75% of infected kittens will die

2. It is also known as "distemper" but is really a parvo virus shed in the feces and can eross react with the dog Parvo test to show a positive infection in cats

3. There is no vaccine available

no vax available

An 11 wk old kitten from the shelter has a runny nose and is sneezing. She is also drooling excessively. One eye has some yellow discharge. It has not been eating or drinking for the past 2 days and it feels dehydrated. It is running a mild fever of 103. You open its mouth and find a small dime size circular patch of the taste bud area on the tongue appears red and ulcerated. What is the most likely virus?

1. Panleukopenia

2. Herpes Virus

3. Calici Virus

4. Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV)

5. Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)

6. Feline Immunodeficieney Virus (FIV)

calici virus

An older thin intact male cat comes into the shelter with scratches all over his ears and face. There is a large suspicious bite wound type abscess near his tail that needs to be clipped and drained. It is running a fever of 105 and when you opened his mouth he has bright red irritated gums (gingivitis) that seem to be sensitive. What is the most likely virus?

1. Panleukopenia

2. Herpes Virus

3. Calici Virus

4. Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV)

5. Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)

6. Feline Immunodeficieney Virus (FIV)

FIV

A thin 2 month old kitten at the shelter was found dead in its cage. There is loose stool coming out of his rectal area. What is the most likely virus?

1. Panleukopenia

2. Herpes Virus

3. Calici Virus

4. Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV)

5. Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)

6. Feline Immunodeficieney Virus (FIV)

panoleukopenia

11 month old female skinny barn kitten comes in for a spay and has a mild fever of 102.3. Her belly is a little swollen compared to the rest of her thin body condition and the owner is worried she may be pregnant. While making the spay incision large amounts of yellow tinged fluid start flowing uncontrollably out of the abdomen...she is not pregnant. What is the most likely virus?

1. Panleukopenia

2. Herpes Virus

3. Calici Virus

4. Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV)

5. Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)

6. Feline Immunodeficieney Virus (FIV)

FIP

VA barn kitten comes in with sneezing and thick greenish yellow nasal discharge. Both eyes are closed shut with yellow discharge and the fever is 104. We washed her face and cleaned /stained her eyes...she has a corneal ulcer on her right eye. What is the most likely virus?

1. Panleukopenia

2. Herpes Virus

3. Calici Virus

4. Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV)

5. Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)

6. Feline Immunodeficieney Virus (FIV)

herpes

Á female cat comes in looking very weak, lethargic, skinny and sickly...She has pure white gums and appears to be very anemic. She has been seen by the neighbors eating at the community cat food area out in the barn for the past 6 months but they've only now been able to catch her because she is finally just too sick to run away from them. What is her most likely virus?

1. Panleukopenia

2. Herpes Virus

3. Calici Virus

4. Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV)

5. Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)

6. Feline Immunodeficieney Virus (FIV)

FeLV

A 7 week old puppy is in the process of being weaned. He is under some mild stress and has developed watery diarrhea. He has already been de-wormed twice for rounds and hooks but no stool samples have been done yet. What protozoal parasite would we be looking for in a stool sample?

1. coccidia

2. whipworms (trichuris vulpis)

3. dirofilaria immitus

4. giardia

5. all of the above both answers a and d

both a and d

T or F: zoonotic tapeworm spp. that causes the potentially fatal hydatid cyst in humans is Diplylidium caninum.

false

Which metal toxicity is difficult to diagnose (from remodeling or painting a house, batteries, shot) causes vomiting, muscle spasms, blindness, and either diarrhea or constipation. There is a blood test to diagnose and chelating agents to treat with ($$)

a) iron

2 zinc

1. lead

2. none of the above

lead

Regarding Kidney Failure in cats, which one of the following is FALSE?

a) signs are weight loss, increased thirst, anorexia, vomiting, oral ulcers b) bloodwork may not appear abnormal until 75% damage

c) treatment includes SQ fluids and special kidney food

d) owners are taught to monitor for hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)

e) the K, Ca, and Phos levels are important to monitor (as well as BUN, Creat)

D

two symptoms of hyperthyroidism

weight loss despite excessive eating and excessive urination

African Grey parrots and Blue and Gold Macaws have a higher incidence ________ of which affects the nerves that supply the muscles of the gizzard. Food is not ground up before passing through the digestive tract. It is difficult to absorb nutrients due to secondary improper digestion.

a) psittacine beak and feather disease PBFD

1. psittacine proventricular dilatation syndrome PPDS?

2. pacheco's parrot disease (herpes)

3. Newcastle disease (distemper)

PPDS

The Psittacinae subfamily members all have 4 toes.

___ face forward and

___face backwards.

2;2

Perching bird toes have

___facing forward and

___facing backwards.

3;1

Regarding housing what is false?

finches need a rectangle shape cage (for flight pattern)

a) parrots like square perches,finches like round perches

b) cage should be placed in the direct sunlight with a little draft available

c)cage should be easy to clean, appropriate size, and affordable

B

most birds only have a functioning ___ ovary and ovaruct

left

______ a respiratory disease caused by a fungus. It is more common in parrots and mynahs than in other pet birds. The symptoms are difficulty breathing, decreased appetite, frequent drinking and urination, cyanosis, and sudden death.

aspergillosis

Chlamydiosis, also known as ____ _____, is ZOONOTIC and caused by the

bacteria Chlamydia psittaci. Pet birds should be purchased from reliable, disease free sources.

parrot fever

__________ is a contagious and fatal viral disease with no cure and very few birds will recover. (also known as the French Molt). The symptoms are loose, breaking, painful, bleeding feathers. The beak and nails can become soft, overgrown and can loose pigment.

1. Newcastle disease (avian distemper)

2. Pacheco's Parrot disease (parrot herpes virus)

3. Psittacine Proventricular Dilatation Syndrome

4. Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease

psittacine beak and feather disease

t or f: hamsters have a thin red discharge indicating pregnancy

false

t or f: baby hamsters are born helpless but they do have teeth

true

gerbils have ___ front toes and ___ back toes

5; 4

gerbils have scent glands located where?

stomach

what gland is located behind a gerbils eye?

hardarian

gerbils have two large ______ glands compared to rodents

adrenal

at what age do 20-40% of gerbils develop seizures? (months)

2 months

rats have ___ front toes and ____ back toes

4;5

t or f: rats frequently get corneal ulcers

false

t or f: rats can get malignant mammery adenocarcinoma

true

t or f: toxicara cati is mainly transmitted from cat to kitten via placenta

false

cats are divided into three genus’: panthera, felis and _____

acinonyx

3 top medical emergencies in rabbits

respiratory distress, shock, seizures

one cause of seizures in rabbits

heat stroke

t or f: uterine adenocarcinoma is common neoplastia in rabbits

true

how many diff species of coccidia affect rabbits

12

t or f; a proposed reason of younger dogs getting demodectic mange is poor immune function or prolonged use of steroids

true

two tests before breeding a dog?

brucellosis test and cerf exam

where in female repro tract do shell membranes get added to eggs?

isthmus

small finger like projections in male bird repro tract that push sperm into female

papilla

tortoises crocodiles and many lizards and snakes are _____ (lay eggs that hatch outside females body)

oviparous

male box turtles have ____ colored eyes

red

how heavy can alligator snapping turtles get?

200 lbs

three guinea pig skin problems

scabies, ringworm, lice

three bacterial diseases that dogs can get with no vax

campylobacteriosis

brucellosis

tuberculosis

sallomenllosis