Final Exam Revision

True

True or False

An example of a conflict of interest is a project manager awarding a major contract to a construction firm owned by her close friend.

False

True or False

Soil erosion primarily affects urban areas and has minimal impact on agricultural lands.

True

True or False

One of the disadvantages of waste recycling is logistics of recycling process that can cause more harm than good to environment and process.

True

True or False

Social responsibility is an ethical framework that suggests that an entity, be it an organization or individual, is obligated to act for the benefit of society.

False

True or False
Job rotation is a method used to increase noise exposure

C

Which of the following gases is emitted from improperly operated flares

A. CO2

B. H2O

C. CH4

D. CO2 and H2O

B

What is the primary obligation of most professional organizations?

A. Maximizing profits

B. Safeguarding and advancing public health, welfare, and safety

C. Maintaining secrecy and confidentiality

D. Prioritizing personal interests

C

Which of the following is a method to control noise at the source?
A. Installing noise barriers

B. Job rotation

C. Maintenance of automobiles

D. Using protective equipment

A

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of waste management processes?

A. Prevention, Minimization, Reuse, Recycling, Energy Recovery, Disposal

B. Recycling, Energy Recovery, Disposal, Reuse, Prevention, Minimization

C. Prevention, Minimization, Energy Recovery, Reuse, Disposal

D. Energy Recovery, Recycling, Prevention, Disposal, Minimization, Reuse

B

Which of the following is an example of wastewater minimization?

A. Treating wastewater before discharge

B. Installing low-volume flush boxes on toilets

C. Reusing wastewater in industrial processes

D. Creating sanitary landfills

Social Responsibility

• Does the firm provide a safe working environment, with appropriate compensation and benefits?

Environmental stewardship

• Can the firm avoid depleting resources, prevent pollution, or otherwise reduce its ecological footprint?

Economic Viability

• Is the firm profitable?

Under the concept of Sustainability and the Triple Bottom Line, Name the three responsibilities of businesses and provide one example for each.

A flare system is an arrangement of piping and equipment that collects hydrocarbon releases from relief valves, blowdown valves, and vents, and disposes of them by combustion at a safe, remote location.

Reasons for gas flaring:

• To safely relieve excess pressure and protect equipment

• To dispose of unwanted or non-recoverable hydrocarbons

• To burn gases during well testing operations(offshore/onshore)

• To prevent the direct release of hazardous gases into the atmosphere

Flare Systems and reasons of gas flaring?

Air Quality Index: a color coded system for reporting air quality condition

AQI: Indicate how clean or dirty the air is. When the air quality is unhealthy, you can take actions to protect your health.

Green: Air feels normal, breathing feels easy, no irritation

Yellow: Sensitive people feel mild throat irritation, mild coughing during outdoor exercise

Orange: Asthma symptoms increase, chest tightness, shortness of breath during activity

Red: Healthy people feel coughing, throat irritation, reduced lung function, asthma attacks become more frequent

Purple: Breathing difficulty for everyone, strong asthma attacks, chest pain, reduced oxygen intake during normal activity

What is the Air Quality Index, and what do the different color levels (green, yellow, orange, red, and purple) indicate about air quality and its potential health effects? Use the following graph to demonstrate and explain AQI?

Catalytic converter: A device that converts toxic pollutants (Hydrocarbons, Carbon Monoxide, Nitrous Oxide) into less toxic gases (Nitrogen, Water, Carbon Dioxide)

In Qatar: All vehicles are equipped with catalytic converters. During periodic inspections, emissions are tested to ensure compliance with government regulations

Emission evaluation: Measures levels of NOx, HC, and CO. If the catalytic converter works properly, the output is safe and the vehicle passes the inspection.

Use the following illustration pictures to demonstrate, present, and explain the catalytic convertors, vehicle inspections, and gas emissions evaluation in Qatar?

When oil spills into the seam it first spreads on the surface. Then sunlight and air cause some of it evaporate and oxidize. Waves break it into small droplets (dispersion), and some forms a foamy mixture with water(emulsification), while a small part dissolves. After that, bacteria break it down (biodegradation), and the heavier part sinks and settles on the seabed.

Use the following illustration picture to explaining the processes that occur after oil spill

Set forth values, ethical principles, and ethical standards to which professionals aspire and by which their actions can be judged.

Code of Ethics

is a standard of behavior that is expected of all members common for businesses and other organizations.

Code of Conduct

is a situation in which an individual has competing interests or loyalties.

Conflict of Interest

The protection of personal information.

Confidentiality

It is the ability to complete a job or task successfully and properly.

Competence

is the ability of being impartial, just or free of favoritism.

Fairness

A vocation or occupation requiring advanced training in some liberal art or science, usually involving mental rather than manual work, as teaching, engineering, writing, etc.; especially, medicine, law, or theology.

Profession

How well an occupation meets the definition of “profession” should be measured by certain key characteristics.

Professionalism

• Service to others

• Assessment of Client needs

• Theoretical body of knowledge obtained through extended pre-service education

• Standards for entry, practice, and ethical conduct

• Professional association to maintain standards

• Continuing education and life-long learning

Characteristic of professionalism are:

1. Always strive for excellence

2. Be trustworthy

3. Be accountable

4. Be courteous and respectful

5. Be honest, open and transparent

6. Be competent and improve continually

7. Always be ethical

8. Always be honorable and act with integrity

9. Be respectful of confidentiality

10. Set good examples

Principles of Professional Conduct

It is the link between all organisms on earth, It is the web of life.

Biological Diversity

is the variation among living organisms from different sources including terrestrial, marine, and desert ecosystems, and the ecological complexes of which they are a part.

Biodiversity

It refers to the variations among the genetic resources of organisms

Genetic Biodiversity

It refers to the variations in the plant and animal species living together and connected by food chains and food webs.

Ecosystem Biodiversity

It refers to the variety of different types of species found in a particular area.

Species biodiversity

Process: It begins with the producer organisms, follows the chain and ends with the decomposer organism. After understanding the food chain, we realize how one organism is dependent upon another organism for survival.

1. The grasshoppers eat the plants

2. The mice eat the grasshoppers

3. The snake eat the mice

4. The eagles eat the snake

5. When the hawks die, fungi breaks the bodies down and turns into nutrients.

6. The nutrients, along with sun and water, cause the grass to grow

Tell me the process and define each order

Is the undesirable change in the physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of air, water, and soil that may harmfully affect life or create a potential health hazard of any living organism

Pollution

Any substance which causses pollution. Any solid, liquid or gaseous substances present in such concentrations as maybe or tent to be injuries to health and the environment.

Pollutant

Is the presence of pollutants in air in sufficient quantity and duration to cause injury to human health and the environment.

Air pollution

Carbon dioxide is constantly being exchanged among the atmosphere, ocean, and land surface as it is both produced and absorbed by many microorganisms, plants, and animals.

However, emissions and removal of CO2 by these natural processes tend to balance.

Human activities are altering the carbon cycle, both by adding more CO2 to the atmosphere and by influence the ability of natural sinks, like forests, to remove CO2 from the atmosphere

Explain the carbon cycle

• Ozone is a primary component of smog.

• Ozone is not emitted into the air.

• Ozone forms when nitrogen oxides(NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) react in the presence of sunlight.

• Ozone levels can be high in urban and rural areas

Ground-Level Ozone (O3)

• Motor Vehicles

• Power plants

• Factories

• Consumer and commercial products

• Fuel combustion processes

What contributes to ozone pollution?

• Safe drinking water is essential to humans and other life forms even though it provides no calories or organic nutrients.

• Approximately one billion still lack access to safe water and over 2.5 billion lack access to adequate sanitation

• However, It is estimated that by 2025 more than half of the world population will be facing water-based vulnerability

• Water plays an important role in the world economy, as it functions as a solvent for a wide variety of chemical substances and facilities industrial cooling and transportation

• In areas where safe, clean water is not available, the economy and human health suffers, regardless of availability of other natural resources.

• Therefore, water is one of the most important resources, without it we cannot exist.

Global importance of water as a resource

Is the presence of pollutants in water in sufficient quantity and duration to cause injury to human health and the environment

Water Pollution

• Wastewater Disposal

• Wastewater Recycling

• Wastewater Minimization

• Wastewater Processing

What are the Liquid Waste Mitigation

Land pollution means degradation or destruction of earth’s surface and soil, directly or indirectly as a result of human activities

What is land pollution?

• Deforestation

• Soil Erosion

• Mining Activities

• Agricultural Activities

• Industrialization

• Nuclear Waste

• Sewage Treatment

What are the causes of Land pollution?

List the primary causes of land pollution