patho 4- musculoskeletal

basics

functions of musculoskeletal system

protection
support body
mobility
maintain body temp
facilitate blood to heart
reservoir of immature blood cells
reservoir of vital minerals

osteoblasts

function in bone formation

osteocytes

mature bone cells that function in bone maintenance

osteocytes located in

lacunae

osteoclasts

multinuclear cell function in destroying, resorbing, and remodeling bone

osteoclasts located in

Howship lucanae

bone healing stage 1

hematoma formation

bone healing stage 1 occurs

1-2 days after fracture

bone healing stage 2

fibrocartilaginous callus formation

bone healing stage 2: _______ and _________ migrate to fracture site

fibroblasts
osteoblasts

bone healing stage 3

bony callus formation

bone healing stage 3: ossification begins during

3-4 week

bone healing stage IV

remodeling

bone healing stage IV _______ remove necrotic bone

osteoclasts

manifestations of fracture

acute pain
loss of function
deformity
shortening of extremity
crepitus
local swelling/discoloration

fracture diagnosis by

symptoms and radiography

closed/simple fracture

no break in skin

open/compound/complex fracture

wound extends to bone

grade I fracture

1 cm long clean wound

grade 2 fracture

larger wound w/out extensive damage

grade 3 fracture

highly contaminated
extensive soft tissue injury
may have amputation

early complications of fractures

shock
fat embolism
compartment syndrome
VTE, PE

delayed complications of fractures

delayed union, malunion, nonunion
avascular necrosis of bone
complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS)
heterotrophic ossification